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Issues Involved:
1. Quantum of penalty for delayed return. 2. Applicability of the 1961 Act to pre-1962-63 assessments. 3. Interpretation of section 271(2) regarding registered and unregistered firms. 4. Consideration of advance tax paid by partners for penalty computation. 5. Rate of penalty under section 271(1)(a). Detailed Analysis: Quantum of Penalty for Delayed Return: The principal dispute in this reference relates to the quantum of penalty. The assessee, a registered partnership, filed a delayed return for the assessment year 1960-61. The return was filed 15 months late, and the Income-tax Officer assessed the income and initiated penalty proceedings under section 271(1)(a) read with section 297(2)(g) of the 1961 Act. The penalty was calculated at 2% per month for the delay, amounting to Rs. 64,230. The assessee's appeal to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and subsequently to the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal was rejected, except for a partial relief for a 7-month delay deemed reasonable. Applicability of the 1961 Act to Pre-1962-63 Assessments: The assessee contended that the 1961 Act should not apply retrospectively to pre-1962-63 assessments. However, the court held that section 297(2)(g) of the 1961 Act explicitly allows for the imposition of penalties for defaults committed under the 1922 Act, using the procedures of the 1961 Act. This interpretation was supported by the Supreme Court's decision in Jain Brothers v. Union of India, which confirmed that section 271 of the 1961 Act applies to defaults under the 1922 Act by virtue of section 297(2)(g). Interpretation of Section 271(2) Regarding Registered and Unregistered Firms: The first question addressed whether a firm registered under the 1922 Act could be deemed unregistered for penalty purposes under the 1961 Act. The court concluded that section 271(2) of the 1961 Act applies to registered firms under the 1922 Act as well. The assessee's status as a registered firm was final and not subject to revision during penalty proceedings. The court emphasized that the provisions of section 271 must be applied fully once invoked, and the assessee's argument that it should not be considered a registered firm under the 1961 Act was rejected. Consideration of Advance Tax Paid by Partners for Penalty Computation: The second question involved whether the advance tax paid by partners should reduce the firm's tax liability for penalty purposes. The court held that the benefit of advance tax paid by partners could not be extended to the firm. Each entity, the firm and the partners, is assessed separately, and advance tax paid by partners cannot be credited to the firm's tax liability. The court cited the Madhya Pradesh High Court's decision in Commissioner of Income-tax v. Chhotelal Kanhaiyalal, which supported this view. Rate of Penalty Under Section 271(1)(a): The third question was whether the 2% per month penalty rate under section 271(1)(a) could be reduced. The court interpreted "equal to 2%" to mean neither less nor more, thus establishing it as an absolute minimum. The court rejected the argument that the phrase allowed for a lower rate, supporting its conclusion with the Rajasthan High Court's decision in Commissioner of Income-tax v. Venichand Magenlal. Therefore, the penalty rate of 2% per month is fixed and cannot be reduced. Conclusion: The court answered the first question in the affirmative, confirming that the firm was to be deemed unregistered under section 271(2). The second question was answered in the negative, denying the reduction of tax payable by the amount of advance tax paid by partners. The third question was also answered in the negative, affirming that the 2% per month penalty rate is absolute. The fourth question was not pressed by the assessee and thus not addressed. No order as to costs was made.
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