Section 94 - Avoidance of tax by certain transactions in securities - Income-tax Act, 1961

Avoidance of tax by certain transactions in securities. 94. (1) Where the owner of any securities (in this sub-section and in sub-section (2) referred to as the owner ) sells or transfers those securities, and buys back or reacquires the securities, then, if the result of the transaction is that any interest becoming payable in respect of the securities is receivable otherwise than by the owner, the interest payable as aforesaid shall, whether it would or would not have been chargeable to income-tax apart from the provisions of this sub-section, be deemed, for all the purposes of this Act, to be the income of the owner and not to be the income of any other person. Explanation. -The references in this sub-section to buying back or reacquiring the securities shall be deemed to include references to buying or acquiring similar securities, so, however, that where similar securities are bought or acquired, the owner shall be under no greater liability to income-tax than he would have been under if the original securities had been bought back or reacquired. (2) Where any person has had at any time during any previous year any beneficial interest in any securities, and the result of any transaction relating to such securities or the income thereof is that, in respect of such securities within such year, either no income is received by him or the income received by him is less than the sum to which the income would have amounted if the income from such securities had accrued from day to day and been apportioned accordingly, then the income from such securities for such year shall be deemed to be the income of such person. (3) The provisions of sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) shall not apply if the owner, or the person who has had a beneficial interest in the securities, as the case may be, proves to the satisfaction of the 1 [ Assessing ] Officer- ( a ) that there has been no avoidance of income-tax, or ( b ) that the avoidance of income-tax was exceptional and not systematic and that there was not in his case in any of the three preceding years any avoidance of income-tax by a transaction of the nature referred to in sub-section (1) or sub-section (2). (4) Where any person carrying on a business which consists wholly or partly in dealing in securities, buys or acquires any securities and sells back or retransfers the securities, then, if the result of the transaction is that interest becoming payable in respect of the securities is receivable by him but is not deemed to be his income by reason of the provisions contained in sub-section (1), no account shall be taken of the transaction in computing for any of the purposes of this Act the profits arising from or loss sustained in the business. (5) Sub-section (4) shall have effect, subject to any necessary modifications, as if references to selling back or retransferring the securities included references to selling or transferring similar securities. (6) The 2 [ Assessing ] Officer may, by notice in writing, require any person to furnish him within such time as he may direct (not being less than twenty-eight days), in respect of all securities of which such person was the owner or in which he had a beneficial interest at any time during the period specified in the notice, such particulars as he considers necessary for the purposes of this section and for the purpose of discovering whether income-tax has been borne in respect of the interest on all those securities. 3 [ (7) Where- ( a ) any person buys or acquires any securities or unit within a period of three months prior to the record date; 4 [ ( b ) such person sells or transfers- ( i ) such securities within a period of three months after such date; or ( ii ) such unit within a period of nine months after such date; ] ( c ) the dividend or income on such securities or unit received or receivable by such person is exempt, then, the loss, if any, arising to him on account of such purchase and sale of securities or unit, to the extent such loss does not exceed the amount of dividend or income received or receivable on such securities or unit, shall be ignored for the purposes of computing his income chargeable to tax. ] 5 [ (8) Where- ( a ) any person buys or acquires any 8 [ securities or units ] within a period of three months prior to the record date; ( b ) such person is allotted additional 8 [ securities or units ] without any payment on the basis of holding of such 8 [ securities or units ] on such date; ( c ) such person sells or transfers all or any of the 8 [ securities or units ] referred to in clause ( a ) within a period of nine months after such date, while continuing to hold all or any of the additional 8 [ securities or units ] referred to in clause ( b ), then, the loss, if any, arising to him on account of such purchase and sale of all or any of such 8 [ securities or units ] shall be ignored for the purposes of computing his income chargeable to tax and notwithstanding anything contained in any other provision of this Act, the amount of loss so ignored shall be deemed to be the cost of purchase or acquisition of such additional 8 [ securities or units ] referred to in clause ( b ) as are held by him on the date of such sale or transfer. ] Explanation. -For the purposes of this section,- ( a ) interest includes a dividend ; 9 [ (aa) record date means such date as may be fixed by- (i) a company; (ii) a Mutual Fund or the Administrator of the specified undertaking or the specified company referred to in the Explanation to clause (35) of section 10; or (iii) a business trust defined in clause (13A) of section 2; or (iv) an Alternative Investment Fund defined in clause (b) of sub-regulation (1) of regulation 2 of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Alternative Investment Funds) Regulations, 2012, made under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (15 of 1992.), for the purposes of entitlement of the holder of the securities or units, as the case may be, to receive dividend, income, or additional securities or units without any consideration, as the case may be, ] ( b ) securities includes stocks and shares ; ( c ) securities shall be deemed to be similar if they entitle their holders to the same rights against the same persons as to capital and interest and the same remedies for the enforcement of those rights, notwithstanding any difference in the total nominal amounts of the respective securities or in the form in which they are held or in the manner in which they can be transferred; 10 [ (d) unit shall mean,- (i) a unit of a business trust defined in clause (13A) of section 2; (ii) a unit defined in clause (b) of the Explanation to section 115AB; or (iii) beneficial interest of an investor in an Alternative Investment Fund, defined in clause (b) of sub-regulation (1) of regulation 2 of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Alternative Investment Funds) Regulations, 2012, made under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (15 of 1992), and shall include shares or partnership interests. ] ------------------------ Notes :- 1. Substituted for Income-tax by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988. 2. Substituted for Income-tax by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, w.e.f. 1-4-1988. 3. Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002. 4. Substituted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, w.e.f. 1-4-2005. Prior to its substitution, clause (b) read as under : (b) such person sells or transfers such securities or unit within a period of three months after such date; 5. Inserted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, w.e.f. 1-4-2005. 6. Substituted by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004, w.e.f. 1-4-2005. Prior to its substitution, clause (aa), as inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002, read as under : '(aa) record date means such date as may be fixed by a company or a Mutual Fund or the Unit Trust of India for the purposes of entitlement of the holder of the securities or the unit-holder, to receive dividend or income, as the case may be;' 7. Inserted by the Finance Act, 2001, w.e.f. 1-4-2002. 8. Substituted vide Finance Act, 2022 w.e.f. 01-04-2023 before it was read as units 9. Substituted vide Finance Act, 2022 w.e.f. 01-04-2023 before it was read as 6 [ ( aa ) record date means such date as may be fixed by- ( i ) a company for the purposes of entitlement of the holder of the securities to receive dividend; or ( ii ) a Mutual Fund or the Administrator of the specified undertaking or the specified company as referred to in the Explanation to clause ( 35 ) of section 10, for the purposes of entitlement of the holder of the units to receive income, or additional unit without any consideration, as the case may be; ] 10. Substituted vide Finance Act, 2022 w.e.f. 01-04-2023 before it was read as 7 [ ( d ) unit shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause ( b ) of the Explanation to section 115AB. ]