1. Introduction
India is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of shrimp, contributing significantly to the country’s seafood export earnings. The demand for Indian shrimp, especially farmed varieties like Vannamei (Whiteleg shrimp) and Black Tiger shrimp, has been consistently high in international markets due to its quality and competitive pricing.
2. HSN Code
Shrimp exports from India fall under the HSN Code 0306, which includes:
- 030617 – Frozen shrimps and prawns
- 030627 – Fresh or chilled shrimps and prawns
- 160521/160529 – Shrimps and prawns prepared or preserved
3. Major Shrimp Producing States in India
India's shrimp production is dominated by coastal states with strong aquaculture infrastructure:
- Andhra Pradesh (Leading producer)
- Tamil Nadu
- Odisha
- West Bengal
- Gujarat
- Kerala
- Maharashtra
4. Major Export Destinations
Indian shrimp is exported to over 100 countries. The top export destinations include:
- United States (largest importer)
- China
- European Union (Spain, Netherlands, Belgium)
- Japan
- Vietnam
- South Korea
5. Export Policy by DGFT
The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) governs shrimp exports:
- Shrimp is freely exportable, subject to quality checks and compliance.
- Exporters must be registered with the Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA).
- Documentation includes catch certificates, health certificates, and EIA (Export Inspection Agency) clearances.
6. Export Performance
- India exported over $8 billion worth of marine products in FY 2022-23.
- Shrimps contributed approximately 75–80% of total marine exports.
- Vannamei shrimp accounts for over 90% of farmed shrimp exports.
- Fluctuations in global demand, logistics, and disease outbreaks affect performance.
7. Export Incentives
India provides several export incentives:
- Remission of Duties and Taxes on Export Products (RoDTEP)
- Transport and Marketing Assistance (TMA) for specified markets
- Interest Equalization Scheme on pre- and post-shipment credit
- Subsidized inputs and support under various aquaculture schemes
8. Governing Authorities
- MPEDA (Marine Products Export Development Authority)
- DGFT (Directorate General of Foreign Trade)
- Export Inspection Council (EIC)
- FSSAI (for quality and food safety)
- State Fisheries Departments
9. Government Policies and Initiatives
- Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) – aims to enhance fisheries productivity and exports.
- Sagarmala Project – focuses on port modernization for efficient seafood logistics.
- Aqua One Centres – for farmer support and disease control.
- Single Window System for online documentation and registration.
10. Blue Economy
Shrimp farming is a significant component of India’s Blue Economy initiative, promoting sustainable use of ocean resources. The focus is on:
- Eco-friendly aquaculture practices
- Biodiversity conservation
- Employment generation in coastal communities
11. Export Promotion Councils
- MPEDA – Main body promoting Indian marine product exports
- FIEO (Federation of Indian Export Organisations)
- SEAI (Seafood Exporters Association of India)
12. Challenges and Way Forward
Challenges:
- Disease outbreaks (e.g., White Spot Syndrome)
- Rising production costs
- Stringent international quality standards
- Dependency on specific markets (like the US and China)
- Climate change impact on coastal aquaculture
Way Forward:
- Diversify export markets
- Invest in disease-resistant broodstock
- Develop cold chain and logistics infrastructure
- Encourage value addition (processed shrimp)
- Strengthen traceability and sustainability certifications
13. Conclusion
Shrimp exports from India are a vital part of the country’s agri-export basket. With strong government support, global demand, and a robust aquaculture base, India is well-positioned to retain its status as a global leader. However, sustainable practices, market diversification, and technological upgrades are crucial for long-term growth.
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