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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the loss of Rs. 35,000 due to robbery is deductible in computing the total income of the assessee company. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Whether the loss of Rs. 35,000 due to robbery is deductible in computing the total income of the assessee company: The assessee, a company engaged in the manufacture of sugar and molasses, faced a loss of Rs. 35,000 due to robbery while transporting money to a purchasing center. The money was intended for payment to sugarcane cultivators as mandated by the Bihar Sugar Factories Control Act and Rules. The Income-tax Officer disallowed the deduction, treating the loss as a capital loss, not a revenue expenditure. On appeal, the Appellate Assistant Commissioner allowed the deduction, distinguishing between losses arising in the process of earning profits and those occurring after profits have been earned. The Commissioner reasoned that the loss was incidental to the business operations, essential for purchasing sugarcane and earning profits. The Income-tax Appellate Tribunal, however, denied the deduction, citing the precedent set by the Patna High Court in Mulchand Hiralal v. Commissioner of Income-tax, Bihar and Orissa, which held that such losses were not deductible. Upon further appeal, the High Court examined whether the loss was incidental to the business and thus deductible under section 10(1) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. The Court noted that the purchase of sugarcane was regulated by statutory rules requiring the company to set up purchasing centers and make payments within a specified period. The Court emphasized that the loss occurred due to a statutory obligation, making it incidental to the business. The Court referenced several judicial precedents to support its conclusion, including the principle that deductions under section 10(1) should be understood in a commercial sense. The Court distinguished the present case from Mulchand Hiralal, noting that the earlier decision did not consider section 10(1) and was based on different facts. The Court concluded that the loss of Rs. 35,000 was closely connected to the business operations and should be deducted from the total income. The decision was supported by the principle that losses incidental to business operations are deductible, as established in Jagarnath Therani v. Commissioner of Income-tax, Bihar and Orissa. Conclusion: The High Court held that the loss of Rs. 35,000 due to robbery was deductible in computing the total income of the assessee company. The decision emphasized the necessity of considering losses incidental to business operations as deductible, aligning with commercial principles and judicial precedents. The reference was answered in favor of the assessee, with the Income-tax department ordered to pay the costs of the reference.
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