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Issues:
1. Whether the amount received by the medical practitioner during his internship in the United States is taxable income under the Income-tax Act, 1961? 2. Whether the amount received during the internship qualifies as a scholarship exempt under section 10(16) of the Income-tax Act, 1961? Analysis: The case involved a medical practitioner who resigned from his job in Tamil Nadu to pursue further studies in the United States. During his internship at a hospital in the U.S., he received an amount which he claimed was a stipend exempt under section 10(16) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The Income-tax Officer, however, treated the amount as taxable income under section 5(1)(c) of the Act. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Tribunal also upheld this view, considering the amount as remuneration for services rendered, not a scholarship. The Tribunal noted the absence of evidence to support the scholarship claim and the deduction of tax at source by the hospital authorities. The case was brought before the High Court on two questions of law. The High Court analyzed section 10 of the Income-tax Act, which excludes certain items of income from taxable total income. It specifically focused on section 10(16) regarding scholarships for education costs. The court emphasized that scholarships, although income, are excluded from taxable income if granted for educational expenses. Examining the nature of the payments received by the practitioner, the court noted they were labeled as pay, salary, or wages, with taxes deducted. The court found no evidence to support the claim that the payments were scholarships. The court also highlighted the practitioner's concession that part of the amount was for overtime charges, which do not qualify as scholarship under section 10(16). The court distinguished previous decisions cited by the practitioner's counsel, emphasizing that those cases involved payments clearly intended for educational pursuits. In this case, the payments were for services rendered during the internship, not for educational expenses. Therefore, the court answered the first question affirmatively, considering the amount as taxable income. The second question was answered negatively, rejecting the claim that the amount qualified as a scholarship under section 10(16). The court ruled in favor of the Revenue, entitling them to costs of the reference.
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