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2022 (1) TMI 554 - HC - GSTTerritorial Jurisdiction - Search and seizure - multiple agencies have carried out search operations - centralisation of investigation with DGGI, AZU - HELD THAT - In the present set of writ petitions, the respondents have explained that to bring investigation under one umbrella, the DGGI AZU sought transfer of investigations being carried out by different Commissionerate(s) to itself. This was acceded to by each Commissionerate in both the writ petitions. We have not been shown any prohibition in the CGST Act or the SGST Act to such transfer of investigation. Neither it has been contended that the DGGI, AZU, would otherwise lack jurisdiction to carry out an investigation against the petitioners. It is not denied by the petitioners that the DGGI, AZU has a pan-India jurisdiction. DGGI, AZU would, as Central Tax Officer and in compliance with the mandate of Section 6 of the CGST Act and the SGST Act, have to pass comprehensive order, both under the CGST Act as also the SGST Act. Circular dated 05.10.2018 has no application to the peculiar facts in the present set of writ petitions. In the course of investigating of a tax entity, a situation may arise where the investigation may have to be carried out from entities which are not within the territorial jurisdiction of the Officer appointed under the Notification dated 19.06.2017 and/or such State Notifications appointing an Officer with the limited territorial jurisdiction. It cannot be said that in every such case, the proper officer having limited territorial jurisdiction must transfer the investigation to the proper officer having pan India jurisdiction - it would depend on the facts of each case as to whether such transfer is warranted or not. To lay down the indefeatable rule in this regard may not be feasible or advisable, and certainly not acceptable. The investigations were initiated by various jurisdictional authorities against different entities - Section 6(2)(b) of the CGST Act has limited application and therefore, is not applicable to the facts of the present petitions. Similarly, the Circular dated 05.10.2018 also has no application to the facts of the present petitions. Petition dismissed.
Issues Involved:
1. Multiple summons and search operations by different agencies. 2. Jurisdiction of officers under the CGST Act. 3. Applicability of Section 6(2)(b) of the CGST Act. 4. Binding nature of the Circular dated 05.10.2018 issued by the CBEC. 5. Transfer of investigation to DGGI, AZU. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Multiple Summons and Search Operations by Different Agencies: The petitioners contended that the issuance of multiple summons and search operations by different agencies violated Section 6(2)(b) of the CGST Act and the Circular dated 05.10.2018. They argued that once the jurisdictional Commissionerate initiated proceedings, no other CGST officer had the jurisdiction to proceed against them. The respondents countered that the complexity and the pan-India nature of the alleged fake Input Tax Credit (ITC) scam necessitated the involvement of multiple agencies and the eventual transfer of the investigation to the DGGI, AZU. 2. Jurisdiction of Officers under the CGST Act: The court analyzed the provisions of the CGST Act, particularly Sections 3, 5, and 6, which empower both Central and State tax officers with jurisdiction over specified territories and, in some cases, all-India jurisdiction. The court noted that the CGST Act aims to create a harmonized structure for GST administration, allowing for cross-empowerment of officers to avoid overlapping jurisdictions and ensure comprehensive investigations. 3. Applicability of Section 6(2)(b) of the CGST Act: Section 6(2)(b) of the CGST Act prevents the initiation of proceedings by a CGST officer if a State GST officer has already initiated proceedings on the same subject matter. The court found that this provision aims to prevent multiple agencies from investigating the same taxpayer for the same issue, thereby protecting taxpayers from harassment. However, the court clarified that this provision does not apply when investigations involve multiple taxpayers or have a pan-India scope, as in the present case. 4. Binding Nature of the Circular dated 05.10.2018 Issued by the CBEC: The petitioners argued that the Circular dated 05.10.2018, which allows both Central and State tax officers to initiate and complete intelligence-based enforcement actions, was binding on the department. The court, however, held that the Circular has a limited application and cannot be extended to cover all situations arising in the implementation of the GST regime. The Circular is intended to prevent overlapping jurisdiction and ensure harmonious functioning between Central and State tax authorities, but it does not address situations involving complex, multi-jurisdictional investigations. 5. Transfer of Investigation to DGGI, AZU: The court found that the transfer of the investigation to the DGGI, AZU, was justified given the pan-India nature of the alleged ITC scam and the involvement of multiple entities across different jurisdictions. The court noted that there is no prohibition in the CGST Act against such transfers and that the DGGI, AZU, has the necessary jurisdiction to conduct a comprehensive investigation. Summary of Findings: The court concluded that the investigations were initiated by various jurisdictional authorities against different entities, and a common thread was found, leading to the transfer of the investigation to the DGGI, AZU. The court held that Section 6(2)(b) of the CGST Act and the Circular dated 05.10.2018 have limited application and do not apply to the facts of the present petitions. The court dismissed the writ petitions and the contempt case, finding no merit in the arguments presented by the petitioners.
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