2025 (3) TMI 1177 - AT - Income Tax

Reopening of assessment u/s 147 - reasons to believe - notice issued beyond a period of four years - long term capital gain on penny stocks - HELD THAT - Since the assessment year involved is assessment year 2011-12 where the original assessment was completed u/s 143(3) of the Act and the reasons so recorded do not contain a whisper of any failure on the part of assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for completion of the assessment and such reopening is beyond a period of four years from the end of the relevant assessment year therefore in view of the proviso to section 147 re-opening of the assessment u/s 147 of the I T Act 1961 is not in accordance with law and is liable to be quashed. We therefore quash the re-assessment proceedings. Decided in favour of assessee. Revision u/s 263 - AO in the order passed u/s 143(3) / 147 has made addition being the net amount of accommodation entries - commission @ 2% of such accommodation entries and which the assessee would have incurred for obtaining the accommodation entries was not added by the Assessing Officer u/s 69C - Since we have already quashed the re-assessment proceedings in the preceding paragraphs therefore the order passed u/s 263 of the Act by the PCIT becomes infructuous and therefore the same is liable to be dismissed. We therefore hold that the order passed by Ld. PCIT u/s 263 has become infructuous. Accordingly the grounds raised by the assessee are allowed.

1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

The core legal issues considered by the Tribunal in this judgment include:

Whether the reopening of the assessment under Section 147 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, was valid when the original assessment was completed under Section 143(3) and the reopening was beyond four years without any allegation of failure to disclose material facts.
Whether the reassessment proceedings initiated under Section 147 instead of Section 153A or 153C, following a search action under Section 132, were valid.
Whether the order passed by the Assessing Officer under Section 143(3) read with Section 147 was erroneous and prejudicial to the interest of the Revenue, justifying the invocation of Section 263 by the Principal Commissioner of Income Tax (PCIT).
Whether the additions made by the Assessing Officer on account of accommodation entries, commission expenditure, and disallowance of interest expenditure were justified.
Whether the reassessment proceedings were based on a mere change of opinion and thus invalid.

2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

Reopening of Assessment under Section 147:

Legal Framework and Precedents: The proviso to Section 147 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, restricts reopening of assessments beyond four years unless there is a failure to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for assessment.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal observed that the reasons recorded for reopening did not allege any failure by the assessee to disclose material facts. The reopening was beyond four years from the end of the relevant assessment year, which made it invalid as per the proviso to Section 147.
Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal noted that the original assessment was completed under Section 143(3), and the reopening was initiated without any new tangible material, making it a case of change of opinion.
Conclusions: The Tribunal quashed the reassessment proceedings as they were not in accordance with law.

Reassessment Proceedings under Section 147 vs. Section 153A/153C:

Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 153A/153C applies to assessments following a search action, covering six assessment years preceding the year of search.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal considered whether the reassessment should have been conducted under Section 153A or 153C instead of Section 147, given the search action under Section 132.
Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal found that the year under consideration fell beyond the block period covered by Section 153A, justifying the use of Section 147.
Conclusions: The Tribunal upheld the use of Section 147 for the year in question.

Invocation of Section 263 by PCIT:

Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 263 allows revision of orders that are erroneous and prejudicial to the interest of the Revenue.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The PCIT invoked Section 263, arguing that the Assessing Officer failed to make necessary additions and disallowances.
Application of Law to Facts: Since the reassessment proceedings were quashed, the order under Section 263 became infructuous.
Conclusions: The Tribunal dismissed the order under Section 263 as infructuous.

Additions on Account of Accommodation Entries, Commission, and Interest:

Legal Framework and Precedents: Sections 68 and 69C deal with unexplained cash credits and unexplained expenditure, respectively.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal examined the validity of additions made by the Assessing Officer based on accommodation entries and commission payments.
Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal found that the additions were based on assumptions and lacked concrete evidence.
Conclusions: The Tribunal held that the additions were not justified.

3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

Core Principles Established: The Tribunal reinforced the principle that reopening of assessments beyond four years requires a specific allegation of failure to disclose material facts. Reassessment proceedings based on change of opinion are invalid.
Final Determinations: The Tribunal quashed the reassessment proceedings under Section 147, dismissed the order under Section 263 as infructuous, and held that the additions made by the Assessing Officer were not justified.

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