Presumption as to culpable mental state – Section 278E - Income Tax - Ready Reckoner - Income Tax

Presumption as to culpable mental state Section 278E In any prosecution for any offence under this Act which requires a culpable mental state on the part of the accused, the court shall presume the existence of such mental state but it shall be a defence for the accused to prove the fact that he had no such mental state with respect to the act charged as an offence in that prosecution. For the purposes of this section, a fact is said to be proved only when the court believes it to exist beyond reasonable doubt and not merely when its existence is established by a preponderance of probability. Note - culpable mental state includes intention, motive or knowledge of a fact or belief in, or reason to believe, a fact.