Rates of Depreciation - Income Tax - Ready Reckoner - Income Tax

Table of rates at which depreciation is admissible Section 32 read with Rule 5 See Appendix 1 Depreciation is an allowance on capital assets, acquired and put to use. It is not an expenditure. The concept of depreciation lies in the purpose of writing off the cost of an asset over its useful life itself. Depreciation is allowed on tangible and intangible assets (owned, whether partly or fully by the assessee), and used for the purpose of Business or profession. Proportionate depreciation is also allowed when the asset is not used exclusively for business purpose only. Depreciation is mandatory from A.Y. 2002-03 and shall be allowed or deemed to have been allowed as a deduction irrespective of a claim made by a taxpayer in the profit loss account. There are two methods of Depreciation: Straight Line Method for Power Generating Units and WDV method (block wise). Block of assets Depreciation allowance as % of written down value 1 2 PART A TANGIBLE ASSETS I. BUILDING [See Notes 1 to 4 below this Table] (1) Buildings which are used mainly for residential purposes except hotels and boarding houses 5 (2) Buildings other than those used mainly for residential purposes and not covered by sub-items (1) above and (3) below 10 (3) Buildings acquired on or after the 1st day of September, 2002 for installing machinery and plant forming part of water supply project or water treatment system and which is put to use for the purpose of business of providing infrastructure facilities under clause (i) of section 80-IA(4) 40 (4) Purely temporary erections such as wooden structures 40 II. FURNITURE AND FITTINGS Furniture and fittings including electrical fittings [See Note 5 below this Table] 10 III. MACHINERY AND PLANT (1) Machinery and plant other than those covered by sub-items (2), (3) and (8) below : 15 (2) (i) Motor cars, other than those used in a business of running them on hire, acquired or put to use on or after the 1st day of April, 1990 except those covered under entry (ii); 15 (ii) Motor cars, other than those used in a business of running them on hire, acquired on or after the 23rd day of August, 2019 but before the 1st day of April, 2020 and is put to use before the 1st day of April, 2020. 30 (3) (i) Aeroplanes Aeroengines 40 (ii) (a) Motor buses, motor lorries and motor taxis used in a business of running them on hire other than those covered under entry (b). 30 (b) Motor buses, motor lorries and motor taxis used in a business of running them on hire, acquired on or after the 23rd day of August, 2019 but before the 1st day of April, 2020 and is put to use before the 1st day of April, 2020. 45 (iii) Commercial vehicle which is acquired by the assessee on or after the 1st day of October, 1998, but before the 1st day of April, 1999 and is put to use for any period before the 1st day of April, 1999 for the purpose of business or profession in accordance with the third proviso to clause (ii) of section 32(1) [See Note 6 below this Table] 40 (iv) New commercial vehicle which is acquired on or after the 1st day of October, 1998, but before the 1st day of April, 1999 in replacement of condemned vehicle of over 15 years of age and is put to use for any period before the 1st day of April, 1999 for the purposes of business or profession in accordance with the third proviso to clause (ii) of section 32(1) [See Note 6 below this Table] 40 (v) New commercial vehicle which is acquired on or after the 1st day of April, 1999 but before the 1st day of April, 2000 in replacement of condemned vehicle of over 15 years of age and is put to use before the 1st day of April, 2000 for the purposes of business or profession in accordance with the second proviso to clause (ii) of section 32(1) [See Note 6 below this Table] 40 (vi) New commercial vehicle which is acquired on or after the 1st day of April, 2001 but before the 1st day of April, 2002 and is put to use before the 1st day of April, 2002 for the purposes of business or profession [See Note 6 below this Table] 40 (via) New commercial vehicle which is acquired on or after the 1st day of January, 2009 but before the 1st day of October, 2009 and is put to use before the 1st day of October, 2009 for the purposes of business or profession [See paragraph 6 of the Notes below this Table] 40 (vii) Moulds used in rubber and plastic goods factories 30 (viii) Air pollution control equipment, being (a) Electrostatic precipitation systems (b) Felt-filter systems (c) Dust collector systems (d) Scrubber-counter current/venturi/packed bed/cyclonic scrubbers (e) Ash handling system and evacuation system 40 (ix) Water pollution control equipment, being- (a) Mechanical screen systems (b) Aerated detritus chambers (including air compressor) (c) Mechanically skimmed oil and grease removal systems (d) Chemical feed systems and flash mixing equipment (e) Mechanical flocculators and mechanical reactors (f) Diffused air/mechanically aerated activated sludge systems (g) Aerated lagoon systems (h) Biofilters (i) Methane-recovery anaerobic digester systems (j) Air floatation systems (k) Air/steam stripping systems (l) Urea Hydrolysis systems (m) Marine outfall systems (n) Centrifuge for dewatering sludge (o) Rotating biological contractor or bio-disc (p) Ion exchange resin column (q) Activated carbon column 40 (x) (a) Solidwaste, control equipment being,-caustic/lime/chrome/mineral cryolite recovery systems (b) Solidwaste recycling and resource recovery systems 40 (xi) Machinery and plant, used in semi-conductor industry covering all Integrated Circuits (ICs) (excluding hybrid integrated circuits) ranging from Small Scale Integration (SSI) to Large Scale Integration/Very Large Scale Integration (LSI/VLSI) as also discrete semi-conductor devices such as diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs, etc., other than those covered by entries (viii), (ix) and (x) of this sub-item and sub-item (8) below. 30 (xia) Life saving medical equipment, being- (a) D.C. Defibrillators for internal use and pace makers (b) Haemodialysors (c) Heart lung machine (d) Cobalt Therapy Unit (e) Colour Doppler (f) SPECT Gamma Camera (g) Vascular Angiography System including Digital Subtraction Angiography (h) Ventilator used with anaesthesia apparatus (i) Magnetic Resonance Imaging System (j) Surgical Laser (k) Ventilator other than those used with anaesthesia (l) Gamma knife (m) Bone marrow Transplant Equipment including silastic long standing intravenous catheters for chemotherapy (n) Fibre optic endoscopes including, Paediatric resectoscope/audit resectoscope, Peritoneoscopes, Arthoscope, Microlaryngoscope, Fibreoptic Flexible Nasal Pharyngo Bronchoscope, Fibreoptic Flexible Laryngo Bronchoscope, Video Laryngo Bronchoscope and Video Oesophage Gastroscope, Stroboscope, Fibreoptic Flexible Oesophago Gastroscope (o) Laparoscope (single incision) 40 (4) Containers made of glass or plastic used as re-fills 40 (5) Computers including computer software (See note 7 below this Table) 40 (6) Machinery and plant, used in weaving processing and garment sector of textile industry, which is purchased under TUFS on or after the 1st day of April, 2001 but before the 1st day of April, 2004 and is put to use before the 1st day of April, 2004 [See Note 8 below this Table] 40 (7) Machinery and plant, acquired and installed on or after the 1st day of September, 2002 in a water supply project or a water treatment system and which is put to use for the purpose of business of providing infrastructure facility under clause (i) of section 80IA(4) [See Notes 4 and 9 below this Table] 40 (8) (i) Wooden parts used in artificial silk manufacturing machinery (ii) Cinematograph films - bulbs of studio lights (iii) Match factories - Wooden match frames (iv) Mines and quarries : (a) Tubs winding ropes, haulage ropes and sand stowing pipes (b) Safety lamps (v) Salt works - Salt pans, reservoirs and condensers, etc., made of earthy, sandy or clayey material or any other similar material (vi) Flour mills Rollers (vii) Iron and steel industry - Rolling mill rolls (viii) Sugar works Rollers (ix) Energy saving devices, being 40 40 A. Specialised boilers and furnaces : (a) Ignifluid/fluidized bed boilers (b) Flamaless furnaces and continuous pusher type furnaces (c) Fluidized bed type heat treatment furnaces (d) High efficiency boilers (thermal efficiency higher than 75% in case of coal fired and 80% in case of oil/gas fired boilers) 40 B. Instrumentation and monitoring system for monitoring energy flows : (a) Automatic electrical load monitoring systems (b) Digital heat loss meters (c) Micro-processor based control systems (d) Infra-red thermography (e) Meters for measuring heat losses, furnace oil flow, steam flow, electric energy and power factor meters (f) Maximum demand indicator and clamp on power meters (g) Exhaust gases analyzer (h) Fuel oil pump test bench 40 C. Waste heat recovery equipment: (a) Economisers and feed water heaters (b) Recuperators and air pre-heaters (c) Heat pumps (d) Thermal energy wheel for high and low temperature waste heat recovery 40 D. Co-generation systems: (a) Back pressure pass out, controlled extraction, extraction-cum-condensing turbines for co-generation along with pressure boilers (b) Vapour absorption refrigeration systems (c) Organic ranking cycle power systems (d) Low inlet pressure small steam turbines 40 E. Electrical equipment: (a) Shunt capacitors and synchronous condenser systems (b) Automatic power cut-off devices (relays) mounted on individual motors (c) Automatic voltage controller (d) Power factor controller for AC motors (e) Solid state devices for controlling motor speeds (f) Thermally energy-efficient stenters (which require 800 or less kilocalories of heat to evaporate one kilogram of water) (g) Series compensation equipment (h) Flexible AC Transmission (FACT) devices - Thyristor controlled series compensation equipment (i) Time of Day (ToD) energy meters (j) Equipment to establish transmission highways for National Power Grid to facilitate transfer of surplus power of one region to the deficient region (k) Remote terminal units/intelligent electronic devices, computer hardware/software, router/bridges, other required equipment and associated communication systems for supervisory control and data acquisition systems, energy management systems and distribution management systems for power transmission systems (l) Special energy meters for Availability Based Tariff (ABT) 40 F. Burners: (a) 0 to 10 per cent excess air burners (b) Emulsion burners (c) Burners using air with high pre-heat temperature (above 300C) 40 G. Other equipment: (a) Wet air oxidation equipment for recovery of chemicals and heat (b) Mechanical vapour recompressors (c) Thin film evaporators (d) Automatic micro-processor based load demand controllers (e) Coal based producer gas plants (f) Fluid drives and fluid couplings (g) Turbo charges/super-charges (h) Sealed radiation sources for radiation processing plants 40 (x) Gas cylinders including valves and regulators 40 (xi) Glass manufacturing concerns - Direct fire glass melting furnaces 40 (xii) Mineral oil concerns: (a) Plant used in field operative (above ground) distribution - Returnable packages (b) Plant used in field operations (below ground), but not including kerbside pumps including under ground tanks and fittings used in field operations (distribution) by mineral oil concerns 40 (c) Oil wells not covered in clauses (a) and (b) 15 (xiii) Renewable energy devices being:- (a) Flat plate solar collectors (b) Concentrating and pipe type solar collectors (c) Solar cookers (d) Solar water heaters and systems (e) Air/gas/fluid heating systems (f) Solar crop driers and systems (g) Solar refrigeration, cold storages and air conditioning systems (h) Solar steels and desalination systems (i) Solar power generating systems (j) Solar pumps based on solar-thermal and solar-photovoltaic conversion (k) Solar-photovoltaic modules and panels for water pumping and other applications (l) Wind mills and any specially designed devices which run on wind mills installed on or after the 1st day of April, 2014 (m) Any special devices including electric generators and pumps running on wind energy installed on or after 1st day of April, 2014 (n) Biogas-plant and biogas-engines (o) Electrically operated vehicles including battery powered or fuel-cell powered vehicles (p) Agricultural and municipal waste conversion devices producing energy (q) Equipment for utilising ocean waste and thermal energy (r) Machinery and plant used in the manufacture of any of the above sub-items 40 (9) (i) Books owned by assessees carrying on a profession- (a) Books, being annual publications (b) Books, other than those covered by entry (a) above (ii) Books owned by assessees carrying on business in running lending libraries 40 40 40 IV. Ships (1) Ocean-going ships including dredgers, tugs, barges, survey launches and other similar ships used mainly for dredging purposes and fishing vessels with wooden hull 20 (2) Vessels ordinarily operating on inland waters, not covered by sub-item (3) below 20 (3) Vessels ordinarily operating on inland waters being speed boats [See Note 10 below this Table] 20 PART B INTANGIBLE ASSETS Know-how, patents, copyrights, trademarks, licences, franchises or any other business or commercial rights of similar nature 25 Notes : 1. Buildings include roads, bridges, culverts, wells and tube wells. 2. A building shall be deemed to be a building used mainly for residential purposes, if the built-up floor area thereof used for residential purposes is not less than sixty-six and two-third per cent of its total built-up floor area and shall include any such building in the factory premises. 3. In respect of any structure or work by way of renovation or improvement in or in relation to a building referred to in Explanation 1 of clause (ii) of section 32(1), the percentage to be applied will be the percentage specified against sub-item (1) or (2) of item 1 as may be appropriate to the class of building in or in relation to which the renovation or improvement is effected. Where the structure is constructed or the work is done by way of extension of any such building, the percentage to be applied would be such percentage as would be appropriate, as if the structure or work constituted a separate building. 4. Water treatment system includes system for desalination, demineralization and purification of water. 5. Electrical fittings include electrical wiring, switches, sockets, other fittings and fans, etc. 6. Commercial vehicle means heavy goods vehicle, heavy passenger motor vehicle, light motor vehicle, medium goods vehicle and medium passenger motor vehicle but does not include maxi-cab, motor-cab, tractor and road-roller. The expressions heavy goods vehicle, heavy passenger motor vehicle, light motor vehicle, medium goods vehicle, medium passenger motor vehicle, maxi-cab, motor-cab, tractor and road roller shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in section 2 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. 7. Computer software means any computer program recorded on any disc, tape, perforated media or other information storage device. 8. TUFS means Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme announced by the Government of India in the form of a Resolution of the Ministry of Textiles vide No.28/1/99-CTI of 31-3-1999. 9. Machinery and plant includes pipes needed for delivery from the source of supply of raw water to the plant and from the plant to the storage facility. 10. Speed boat means a motor boat driven by a high speed internal combustion engine capable of propelling the boat at a speed exceeding 24 kilometers per hour in still water and so designed that when running at a speed, it will plane, i.e., its bow will rise from the water.