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TMI BlogEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of a Thermal Power Plant (TPP).X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of a Thermal Power Plant (TPP). X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... ge;20 MW) fall under Category A → require clearance from the MoEFCC at the central level. * Projects <20 MW may be Category B → assessed at the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). 🔁 Stages of EIA Process 1. Screening (Not needed for Category A) Determines if a full EIA is required (for Category B projects). 2. Scoping * Terms of Reference (ToR) issued by MoEFCC or SEIAA. * Specifies the focus areas for detailed study: air, water, soil, biodiversity, etc. 3. Baseline Data Collection * Monitoring over a one-season period (excluding monsoon). * Parameters: * Air Quality (SO₂, NOx, PM10, PM2.5) * Water Quality (surface & groundwater) * Soil Quality * Noise levels * Ecology & Bi ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... odiversity * Socio-economic status * Land use and topography 4. Impact Prediction and Assessment * Air Pollution: Emissions of CO₂, SO₂, NOx, particulate matter * Water Pollution: Thermal discharges, effluents * Solid Waste: Fly ash, bottom ash * Noise Pollution * Ecological impact: flora, fauna, habitat disturbance * Public health: respiratory ailments, waterborne diseases * Cumulative impacts: from nearby industries or power plants 5. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) * Mitigation measures for each identified impact * Examples: * ESPs to control air pollution * Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs) * Ash management strategy * Green belt development * Waste heat recovery systems 6. Public Consult ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... ation * Public hearing conducted by SPCB in affected areas. * Concerns from local communities are documented and addressed. 7. Submission of EIA Report & Decision Making * Final EIA + EMP submitted to MoEFCC/SEIAA. * Appraisal by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC). * Environmental Clearance (EC) granted/rejected with conditions. 🔬 Key Environmental Issues with Thermal Power Plants Aspect Impact Air Quality Emission of SO₂, NOx, PM → respiratory diseases Water Resources Heavy water consumption, thermal pollution Soil & Land Ash disposal leads to land degradation Biodiversity Habitat loss, avian mortality Climate Large GHG emissions contributing to climate change 📦 Post-Environmental Clearance ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... Monitoring * Environmental Monitoring Plan must be in place. * Six-monthly compliance reports submitted to MoEFCC/Regional Office. * Online monitoring through PARIVESH portal. ✅ Best Practices for Reducing Environmental Impact * Use of supercritical or ultra-supercritical technology * Installation of FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization) units * Use of zero liquid discharge (ZLD) systems * Dry ash handling and full ash utilization * Afforestation and ecological restoration plans Certainly! Here's a comprehensive overview of a sample Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) structure, a case study of an NTPC Thermal Power Plant, graphs/maps of baseline data, and a flowchart of the EIA process. 📄 Sample EIA Struc ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... ture for a Thermal Power Plant * Executive Summary * Project description * Key environmental impacts * Summary of mitigation measures * Introduction * Project background * Objectives of the EIA * Scope and methodology * Project Description * Location and layout * Technology and fuel type * Water and energy requirements * Waste management strategies * Baseline Environmental Conditions * Air quality * Water quality * Soil and land use * Noise levels * Biodiversity and ecology * Impact Assessment * Air emissions (SO₂, NOₓ, PM) * Water consumption and thermal discharge * Solid waste generation (fly ash, bottom ash) * Noise pollution * Ecological impacts (flora and fauna) * Environm ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... ental Management Plan (EMP) * Mitigation measures * Monitoring and reporting protocols * Emergency preparedness plans * Public Consultation * Stakeholder engagement process * Summary of concerns and responses * Conclusion * Summary of findings * Recommendations for project approval 🏭 Case Study: NTPC Sipat Thermal Power Station Overview * Location: Sipat, Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh, India * Capacity: 2,980 MW (supercritical units) * Technology: Utilizes supercritical technology for enhanced efficiency * Environmental Initiatives: * ISO 50001:2018 certified for energy management * Implementation of Global Energy Management practices * Adoption of supercritical technology to reduce emissions and ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... improve efficiency Environmental Management * Air Quality: Equipped with Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) systems to control SO₂ emissions * Water Use: Closed-loop cooling systems to minimize water consumption * Waste Management: Comprehensive fly ash utilization strategies 📊 Baseline Data: Air Quality Monitoring While specific graphs/maps are not available in the provided sources, typical baseline data for a thermal power plant EIA would include: * Air Quality Monitoring: * Parameters: SO₂, NOₓ, PM10, PM2.5 * Monitoring locations: Upwind, downwind, and ambient areas * Frequency: Continuous monitoring with periodic reporting * Water Quality Monitoring: * Parameters: pH, temperature, dissolved oxy ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... gen, heavy metals * Sampling points: Intake and discharge points * Frequency: Monthly sampling and analysis * Noise Level Monitoring: * Parameters: Leq (Equivalent Continuous Noise Level) * Monitoring locations: Residential areas, plant boundary * Frequency: Day and night measurements * Ecological Surveys: * Flora and fauna inventory * Habitat assessment * Impact on local biodiversity 🔄 EIA Process Flowchart The EIA process typically follows these steps: * Screening: Determine if EIA is required * Scoping: Define the terms of reference for the EIA study * Baseline Data Collection: Gather environmental data * Impact Assessment: Evaluate potential environmental impacts * Environmental Management Plan (E ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... MP): Develop mitigation strategies
* Public Consultation: Engage with stakeholders
* EIA Report Preparation: Compile findings and recommendations
* Decision Making: Authorities review and grant approval or rejection
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