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Issues Involved:
1. Taxability of interest earned on nostro account balances under Section 5(2) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. 2. Applicability of tax rate under the Agreement for Avoidance of Double Taxation between India and France. 3. Deductibility of net interest paid for broken period after setting off interest received for broken period. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Taxability of Interest Earned on Nostro Account Balances: The primary issue was whether the interest earned on nostro account balances is taxable in India under Section 5(2) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The assessee, a non-resident company engaged in banking, argued that the interest earned on the nostro account balances should not be taxed in India as it neither accrued nor was received in India. The Assessing Officer (AO) contended that since the interest was credited in the books of the Indian branch, it should be taxed in India. The CIT(A) upheld the AO's decision, stating that the entire business operations, including those of the New York branch, were conducted as a composite unit, and thus, the interest income should be taxable in India. The Tribunal, however, found that the interest income did not accrue in India as the funds were raised and deposited outside India. It was concluded that the interest income earned on deposits with BTC did not fall within the scope of Section 5(2) of the Act. 2. Applicability of Tax Rate Under the Agreement for Avoidance of Double Taxation: The second issue was whether the assessee's income should be taxed at the rate of 55% or 46% as per Article 26 of the Agreement for Avoidance of Double Taxation between India and France. The assessee argued that under the treaty, the permanent establishment of a French resident should not be less favorably treated than an enterprise carrying on the same activities in India. The CIT(A) and the Tribunal, however, upheld the higher tax rate of 55%, citing the explanation appended to Section 90 of the Income-tax Act, which clarifies that applying a higher rate to a non-domestic company is not discriminatory. The Tribunal emphasized that the power of Parliament to amend the law is not compromised by the DTAA, and the explanation to Section 90(2) clarifies that the higher rate for non-resident companies is not less favorable treatment. 3. Deductibility of Net Interest Paid for Broken Period: The third issue was whether the net interest paid for the broken period, after setting off the interest received for the broken period, is an allowable deduction. The assessee contended that this method of accounting had been consistently followed and should be recognized. The Tribunal noted that this issue was covered in favor of the assessee by its previous decisions for earlier assessment years, where it was held that the interest paid for the broken period should be set off against the interest received for the broken period. Consequently, the Tribunal directed the AO to re-adjudicate this issue in light of its earlier decisions. Conclusion: The Tribunal partly allowed the appeal of the assessee, holding that the interest earned on nostro account balances was not taxable in India, upheld the higher tax rate of 55% as per the Income-tax Act, and directed the AO to re-adjudicate the issue of deductibility of net interest paid for the broken period in line with its previous decisions.
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