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Issues:
1. Interpretation of the term "confectionery" under the Income-tax Act, 1961 for investment allowance on machinery acquired for ice-cream manufacture. Analysis: The case involved a dispute regarding the eligibility of an assessee, a private limited company engaged in ice-cream manufacturing, for investment allowance on machinery acquisition. The Income-tax Officer contended that ice-cream fell under the category of confectionery listed in the Eleventh Schedule of the Income-tax Act, thus disqualifying the assessee from claiming the investment allowance. This led to the original assessment order being reopened under section 147(b) of the Act. However, the Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) overturned the Assessing Officer's decision based on the allowance of a similar claim in a previous assessment year. The Tribunal upheld the Commissioner's decision, emphasizing consistency with past judgments. The legal arguments presented by both parties revolved around the classification of ice-cream as either a confectionery or a milk product. The Revenue's counsel acknowledged that previous sales tax cases had determined ice-cream to be a milk product rather than a confectionery. The assessee's counsel highlighted a favorable judgment from an earlier assessment year and referenced decisions by the Allahabad and Delhi High Courts, which classified ice-cream as a milk product due to its primary constituent being milk, even when other ingredients were added. The Delhi High Court's interpretation of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act and Rules further supported this classification. In its decision, the High Court considered the common commercial understanding of the term "ice-cream" and the precedent set by previous judgments involving the same assessee. Applying the principle that legislative terms should be interpreted based on common understanding rather than scientific definitions, the court concluded that ice-cream is commonly perceived as a milk product. Citing the earlier judgment in favor of the assessee and the consistent classification in sales tax matters, the court ruled in favor of the assessee, affirming their entitlement to the investment allowance for the machinery acquired for ice-cream manufacturing. Overall, the judgment clarified the classification of ice-cream as a milk product rather than a confectionery for the purpose of investment allowance under the Income-tax Act, emphasizing the importance of common commercial understanding in statutory interpretation and relying on previous legal precedents to support the decision.
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