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Issues Involved:
1. Jurisdiction of Assessing Officer u/s 148 read with section 147 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. 2. Validity of reopening assessments for specific years due to alleged excessive deductions and non-filing of returns. 3. Interpretation of CBDT circulars regarding deductions for Life Insurance Corporation agents. 4. Distinction between proceedings under section 147 and section 154 of the Income-tax Act. Summary: Issue 1: Jurisdiction of Assessing Officer u/s 148 read with section 147 The court examined whether the impugned notices issued by the Assessing Officer (AO) under section 148, read with section 147 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, were without jurisdiction. The AO had reason to believe that income chargeable to tax had escaped assessment due to excessive deductions and non-filing of returns. Issue 2: Validity of Reopening Assessments For the assessment years 1987-88 and 1989-90, the AO believed that excessive deductions were allowed, resulting in income escaping assessment. For the years 1988-89 and 1990-91, the AO issued notices because the returns were not found in the records, leading to the belief that income had escaped assessment under section 147, Explanation (2)(a). Issue 3: Interpretation of CBDT Circulars The petitioners argued that the circulars allowed deductions beyond Rs. 10,000 for agents with commission income exceeding Rs. 20,000. However, the court found that the circulars provided a ceiling of Rs. 10,000 for deductions unless detailed accounts were maintained. The AO's interpretation that excessive deductions were not permissible was upheld. Issue 4: Distinction Between Proceedings u/s 147 and 154 The court clarified that the nature of power under section 147 (reopening assessments) is different from section 154 (rectification of mistakes). The AO can resort to section 147 if he has reason to believe that income has escaped assessment, even if a rectification under section 154 was not possible. The AO's discretion in choosing the appropriate section was upheld, provided it was not arbitrary or wanton. Conclusion: The court rejected the petitions challenging the notices issued under section 148 for reopening assessments under section 147. The AO had valid jurisdictional grounds for issuing the notices, and the interpretation of the circulars regarding deductions was reasonable. The petitions were dismissed, and the interim relief was vacated.
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