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Issues:
1. Whether the Income-tax Officer was correct in grossing up the assessee's income on a tax-on-tax basis for the assessment years 1974-75 to 1977-78. Analysis: The High Court of Madras examined the case involving an assessee who was a nurse employed by the American Madura Mission of the United Church Board for World Ministries and had served at the Christian Medical College Hospital at Vellore. The Tribunal found the method of grossing up the income of the assessee and levying tax thereon by the Income-tax Officer to be erroneous. The Tribunal emphasized the absence of material indicating that the salary paid to the assessee was tax-free. The assessee, a national of the United States, had filed returns for the relevant years, showing her income and the tax payable. The Tribunal noted that there was no written contract between the assessee and the hospital paying her salary. The central issue revolved around whether the salary paid to the assessee was indeed tax-free, justifying the grossing up of income by the Income-tax Officer. The Tribunal's finding highlighted the lack of evidence supporting the assertion that the salary was tax-free. The Tribunal emphasized that the mere labeling of an allowance as "income-tax allowance" did not automatically render the salary tax-free. The employer's designation of the allowance did not imply an obligation to cover any additional tax liability beyond the amount specified as income-tax allowance. The High Court concurred with the Tribunal's view, emphasizing that the employer's nomenclature for the allowance did not alter the taxability of the salary. The High Court referenced a decision by the Delhi High Court in a similar case, where it was held that the principle of grossing up was inapplicable when an employer's undertaking did not guarantee a tax-free salary. The court in the Delhi case emphasized that unless there was clear evidence of the employer's intent to provide a tax-free salary, the salary along with the income-tax allowance could not be construed as tax-free. The Madras High Court reiterated that the determination of whether a salary was tax-free depended on the employer's actual commitment to cover the tax liability of the employee, which was absent in the present case. Ultimately, the High Court held in favor of the assessee, ruling that the Income-tax Officer's application of the grossing up principle was incorrect. The Court emphasized that the employer's provision of an income-tax allowance did not transform the salary into a tax-free component. The absence of any commitment by the employer to cover the tax liability beyond the specified allowance led to the conclusion that the salary was taxable. The judgment favored the assessee, rejecting the Revenue's contention and highlighting the importance of the employer's intent in determining the tax treatment of salary components.
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