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Issues Involved:
1. Imposition of penalty under section 273(1)(b) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. 2. Interpretation of section 273(2)(c) concerning the levy of penalty. 3. Relevance and impact of marginal notes in statutory interpretation. Detailed Analysis: 1. Imposition of Penalty under Section 273(1)(b) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 The primary issue was whether the Tribunal was justified in upholding the imposition of penalty under section 273(1)(b) when the assessee filed an estimate of advance tax but failed to remit the advance tax in accordance with the estimate. The court noted that the factual background was consistent across cases: the assessee had furnished a statement of advance tax within the stipulated time but had not paid the advance tax as per the estimate. The Assessing Officer levied penalties under section 273(1)(b) for this default, which was upheld by the Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) and the Tribunal. The controversy centered on whether the payment of advance tax was necessary under section 209A. The court examined the provisions of sections 209A, 273(1)(b), and 273(2)(c) to determine if non-payment of advance tax warranted a penalty under section 273. It was observed that section 273 penalizes the non-furnishing of a statement or estimate, not the non-payment of advance tax. 2. Interpretation of Section 273(2)(c) Concerning the Levy of Penalty The court also addressed whether the Tribunal was correct in relying on the marginal notes of section 273 to confirm the levy of penalty under section 273(2)(c) for certain assessment years. The court reframed the questions to align with the primary issue concerning section 273(1)(b). The court emphasized that section 273 penalizes the failure to furnish a statement or estimate knowingly untrue, but does not explicitly mention non-payment of advance tax. The court referred to the Gujarat High Court's decision in CIT v. B. P. Mehta [1993] 199 ITR 654, which clarified that section 273(2)(c) does not penalize the failure to pay advance tax but rather the failure to furnish an estimate. 3. Relevance and Impact of Marginal Notes in Statutory Interpretation The Revenue argued that the marginal note "or failure to pay advance tax" should influence the interpretation of section 273. However, the court held that marginal notes cannot be used to construe the statute's provisions if the language is clear and unambiguous. The court cited several precedents, including CIT v. Ahmedbhai Umarbhai and Co. [1950] 18 ITR 472, which established that marginal notes are not part of the statute and cannot control its interpretation. The court concluded that the language of section 273 was clear and did not include non-payment of advance tax as a penalizable offense. The marginal note could not alter this interpretation. Conclusion The court answered the question in favor of the assessee, ruling that the Tribunal was not justified in upholding the imposition of penalty under section 273(1)(b) for non-payment of advance tax. The references were disposed of accordingly.
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