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Interpretation of section 35B(1)(b)(iv) of the Income-tax Act regarding weighted deduction for expenditure on commission paid outside India for maintaining agency. Analysis: The case involved the question of whether the assessee was entitled to a weighted deduction under section 35B(1)(b)(iv) of the Income-tax Act for expenditure on commission paid to agents outside India for maintaining agency. The assessee, engaged in the export of leather garments, paid commission to agents in various countries without any evidence of maintaining offices or ongoing relationships beyond specific sales. The Tribunal held that the term "maintain" in section 35B does not necessitate consideration but signifies the continuation of the principal-agent relationship, justifying the commission payments as meeting the requirements of the Act. Section 35B of the Act allows weighted deduction for expenditure related to specific matters, including "maintenance outside India of a branch, office or agency." The court emphasized that maintenance implies a continuous presence, not a one-time effort, and the term "agency" denotes a representative presence abroad on a continuing basis. Mere commission payments for sales made through agents were deemed insufficient to qualify as expenditure on maintaining an agency unless evidence of ongoing agency relationship maintenance was provided. The court highlighted that the terms "office, agency, and branch" require proof of maintenance outside India, indicating expenditure rather than a mere willingness to transact business. Section 35B aims to provide deductions for actual expenses incurred, necessitating tangible evidence of maintaining an agency abroad. Since the assessee failed to demonstrate ongoing agency maintenance or expenditure incurred for that purpose, the commission payments to foreign agents were not considered as expenditure on maintaining an agency under section 35B(1)(b)(iv) of the Act. In conclusion, the court ruled in favor of the Revenue, holding that the commission payments to foreign agents did not qualify for weighted deduction under section 35B(1)(b)(iv) as they did not constitute expenditure on maintaining an agency outside India. The judgment clarified the requirement for actual expenditure on maintaining an agency abroad to claim deductions under the specified provision of the Income-tax Act.
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