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Issues Involved:
1. Legality of administrative surcharges collected by the State of Andhra Pradesh. 2. Entitlement to refund of administrative surcharges. 3. Voluntariness of payment and estoppel. 4. Delay in claiming refund. 5. Appropriateness of remedy under Article 226. Summary: 1. Legality of Administrative Surcharges: The appellants, dealers in foodgrains, challenged the collection of administrative surcharges by the State of Andhra Pradesh, arguing that the respondent Government had no right to collect any administrative surcharge. They contended that the levy was not backed by valid legislative sanction. The High Court held that the levy of administrative surcharge lacked legislative sanction and that liability to pay tax must be covered by statute. 2. Entitlement to Refund: The appellants sought a refund of the surcharges paid, alleging they made the payments under a mistake of law. The High Court denied relief on three grounds: voluntary payment by the appellants, benefits derived from the permits, and undue delay in claiming the refund. The Supreme Court referenced the decision in The State of Kerala v. K.P. Govindan Tapioca Exporter, which held that administrative surcharges without statutory backing were illegal. 3. Voluntariness of Payment and Estoppel: The respondents argued that the appellants voluntarily paid the surcharges and benefited from the permits. The High Court agreed, noting that the appellants could not claim a refund without accounting for the expenses incurred by the Government for issuing permits and supervising exports. The Supreme Court noted that contractual obligations cannot be enforced through a writ of mandamus and that the payments were part of the consideration for the agreement between the parties. 4. Delay in Claiming Refund: The High Court dismissed the writ petitions partly on the ground of undue delay. The appellants contended that their applications for refund were made within three years from the date of payment, but the High Court found that the delay was significant enough to deny relief. The Supreme Court upheld this view, emphasizing that the remedy under Article 226 is not appropriate due to the delay and the voluntary nature of the payments. 5. Appropriateness of Remedy under Article 226: The Supreme Court held that the remedy under Article 226 was not suitable for these cases due to the presence of triable issues like limitation, estoppel, and factual questions regarding the expenses incurred by the Government. The Court suggested that the appellants could institute suits to resolve these issues. The plea of mistake was deemed insufficiently detailed, and the payments were considered voluntary under the terms of the export scheme. Conclusion: The appeals were dismissed, with the Supreme Court affirming the High Court's decision. The appellants were advised to institute suits if they wished to pursue the matter further. Each party was ordered to bear its own costs.
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