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Penalty imposition under section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 for assessment year 1969-70. Analysis: The case involved the imposition of a penalty under section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 for the assessment year 1969-70. The assessee, an unregistered firm engaged in cold storage and ice manufacturing, filed a return showing a loss but faced additions during assessment, including cash credits, capital expenditure, and debits to profit and loss account. The penalty proceedings were initiated based on the additions made. The Inspecting Assistant Commissioner imposed a penalty of Rs. 31,477 under section 271(1)(c), citing the Explanation to the section and observations regarding unexplained cash credits and wrong deductions made by the assessee. The Income-tax Appellate Tribunal canceled the penalty, stating that the Inspecting Assistant Commissioner had taken an erroneous view of the legal position post the Supreme Court's decision in CIT v. Anwar Ali [1970] 76 ITR 696. The Tribunal highlighted that the burden of proof lies on the Revenue to show that the disputed amount represents concealed income, and mere rejection of claims does not imply concealment. The Tribunal emphasized that the rejection of a claim does not automatically lead to a finding of concealment or inaccurate particulars. The Tribunal's decision was based on the legal position laid down in Anwar Ali's case, which emphasized that the burden of proof rests with the Revenue to establish concealment or inaccurate particulars. The Tribunal noted the shift in burden due to the Explanation to section 271(1)(c) post the Finance Act, 1964, where the burden shifts to the assessee if the returned income is less than 80% of the assessed income. The Tribunal held that the onus was on the Revenue to prove concealment or inaccurate particulars, and the Explanation creates a rebuttable presumption that the assessee concealed income unless proven otherwise. The High Court analyzed the legal developments post the Finance Act, 1964, and emphasized that the burden of proof now lies squarely on the assessee to rebut the presumption created by the Explanation to section 271(1)(c). The Court highlighted that the Tribunal must assess whether the assessee's explanation is sufficient to discharge the burden of proof and that a clear finding must be recorded on the acceptability of the explanation. The Court remanded the case to the Appellate Tribunal for a detailed assessment of the explanation provided by the assessee and to determine if the burden of proof had been successfully discharged.
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