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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the lease amounts paid for extracting iron ore were capital expenditure or revenue expenditure for the assessment years 1953-54, 1954-55, 1955-56, and 1956-57. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Nature of Expenditure: Capital vs. Revenue The primary issue was whether the lease amounts paid by the assessee for extracting iron ore constituted capital expenditure or revenue expenditure. The Income-tax Officer disallowed the claims, stating that the payments were for acquiring a right or means to get iron ore, which would form part of the assessee's stock-in-trade once excavated. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner partially allowed the claims, distinguishing between payments for mere collection of ore and those conferring a permanent proprietary interest in the land. 2. Tribunal's Findings and Further Statements The Tribunal upheld the department's view that the payments were capital expenditure, as they were made for acquiring the means of obtaining iron ore. They also noted that the Government owned the sub-soil rights, and the ryotwari pattadars had rights to cultivation and compensation for mining damages. The assessee's agreements with the pattadars allowed mining operations on their lands, which the Tribunal deemed as acquiring mining rights, thus constituting capital expenditure. 3. Legal Precedents and Principles The judgment referenced several legal precedents to determine the nature of the expenditure. The Supreme Court's decision in Abdul Kayoom v. Commissioner of Income-tax established that payments for acquiring mining rights are capital expenditure. The principles from cases like Mallett v. Staveley Coal & Iron Co. Ltd., O'Grady v. Bullcroft Main Collieries Ltd., Addie's case, and Chintalapudi Ranganayakulu v. Commissioner of Income-tax were considered to distinguish between capital and revenue expenditure. 4. Application of Legal Principles The court applied these principles to the facts of the case, concluding that the payments made by the assessee were for acquiring the right to dig the surface of the land at the beginning of mining operations, which is a capital expenditure. The court rejected the assessee's argument that the payments were for recurring surface damages, noting that the payments were made irrespective of mining progress and were not incidental to the mining operations. Conclusion The court concluded that the lease amounts paid for the assessment years in question were capital expenditure. The answer to the referred question was against the assessee, affirming that the amounts paid were capital expenditure. The assessee was ordered to pay the costs of the reference, fixed at Rs. 250. Question Answered Accordingly.
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