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Issues Involved:
The issues involved in this case include the interpretation of Bank Guarantees, the authority to invoke such guarantees, the role of the court in granting injunctions against enforcing Bank Guarantees, and the jurisdiction of the court in matters related to arbitration proceedings. Interpretation of Bank Guarantees: The appellant and respondent entered into contracts for the construction of schools in Libya, with the United Commercial Bank providing Bank Guarantees. Disputes arose, leading to arbitration proceedings. The appellant sought to encash the Bank Guarantees, but a single Judge restrained them. The Guarantees were found to be unconditional, with the appellant having the authority to judge breaches and losses. The court held that the Guarantees were valid and enforceable, rejecting the argument that the Guarantees were issued in a broader scope than agreed upon. Grant of Injunction and Court's Role: The single Judge's order of injunction was based on the premise that the amounts claimed were not due and that the Bank had violated agreements. However, the Supreme Court found that the Guarantees were unconditional and that the appellant had the right to invoke them. The court emphasized that the appellant's claim exceeded the amounts covered by the Guarantees, and the matter was to be resolved in arbitration. The court concluded that the single Judge had acted illegally and without jurisdiction in affirming the injunction, setting aside the order and allowing the appeal. Jurisdiction in Arbitration Proceedings: The court highlighted that the dispute was subject to arbitration, and the appellant's claim was to be determined through that process. The court clarified that the appellant's right to invoke the Bank Guarantees was not restricted by the need to assess losses beforehand. The court emphasized that the Guarantees were valid and that the appellant had the sole authority to determine breaches and recoveries. The court's decision was based on the unconditional nature of the Guarantees and the ongoing arbitration proceedings.
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