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Issues:
Challenge to order for interest under section 244(1A) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 on excess amount adjusted from advance tax; Interpretation of advance tax payment and its character change as tax paid per demand. Analysis: The petitioner, a company and assessee under the Income-tax Act, challenged an order dismissing its claim for interest under section 244(1A) on the excess advance tax paid. The petitioner contended that the advance tax paid lost its identity upon adjustment towards tax liability under the assessment order, becoming refundable and eligible for interest. The counter-affidavit cited a previous court decision, stating that interest under section 244(1A) requires payment pursuant to a demand or penalty order. However, the petitioner argued that the advance tax payment should be treated as tax paid post-assessment, entitling it to interest. The central issue was whether excess advance tax payment changes its character to tax paid as per demand. A Full Bench decision held that excess advance tax is refundable to the assessee with interest. The Punjab and Haryana High Court and the Delhi High Court supported this view, emphasizing that advance tax loses identity upon adjustment to tax liability, entitling the assessee to interest on the excess amount. The Delhi High Court further clarified that advance tax payment merges with tax demand post-initial assessment, warranting interest up to the refund date. In a separate case, the court differentiated between interest under sections 132B(4) and 244(1A), highlighting the requirement to establish payment pursuant to a demand for interest under section 244(1A). The court upheld the decisions of the Punjab and Haryana High Courts and the Delhi High Court, deeming them as good law. Consequently, the writ petition was allowed, quashing the impugned order and granting the petitioner interest as claimed under section 244(1A). In conclusion, the judgment clarified the treatment of excess advance tax payment, affirming the entitlement to interest under section 244(1A post-assessment. The court upheld the legal principles established by previous decisions and ruled in favor of the petitioner's claim for interest on the excess amount adjusted from advance tax.
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