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Interpretation of section 91 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 regarding double taxation relief for income earned outside India and tax paid in a foreign country. Detailed Analysis: The judgment involved a question of law referred by the Revenue regarding the entitlement of the assessee to full relief under section 91 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, for the tax paid to the Government of Iran. The assessee, a medical practitioner, earned income in Iran and paid tax to the Iranian authorities. The Income-tax Officer initially allowed a deduction of 50% of the tax paid, which was further upheld by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal, leading to the reference of the question to the High Court. The High Court analyzed the provisions of section 91 of the Act, which provides relief for income accrued outside India and tax paid in a foreign country to avoid double taxation. The relief is granted by deducting the tax paid in the foreign country on doubly taxed income from the Indian income-tax payable by the assessee. It clarified that the intention of the Legislature is not to exempt the whole foreign income or deduct the entire tax paid in a foreign country from the Indian tax liability. The Court emphasized that relief under section 91 is distinct from relief under section 80RRA and is only applicable to income that is doubly taxed. The judgment referred to the Supreme Court decision in K. V. Al. M. Ramanathan Chettiar v. CIT [1973] 88 ITR 169, where it was stated that relief is granted on the tax paid on the foreign income that is again taxed in India. The Court rejected the assessee's argument that the relief should be granted on the total income that has gone into computation, emphasizing that relief under section 91 is limited to the tax paid on the doubly taxed income at the Indian rate or the foreign country's rate, whichever is lower. It cited a previous Division Bench decision that laid down criteria for claiming relief under section 91, requiring the foreign income not only to be included in the total income but also subjected to tax in India. Ultimately, the High Court answered the question in the negative, favoring the Revenue and denying the assessee full relief under section 91. The judgment provided a comprehensive analysis of the legal provisions and previous decisions to support its conclusion, highlighting the specific conditions for claiming double taxation relief under the Income-tax Act, 1961.
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