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Issues:
Determining if the respondent's claim was barred by limitation at the commencement of arbitration and assessing if the arbitrators misconducted the proceedings by entertaining such a claim. Analysis: The case involved a contract where the petitioner agreed to sell D.W. Flour bags to the respondent. The contract included an arbitration clause referring disputes to the Bengal Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The respondent filed for arbitration in 1954, claiming damages for breach of contract. The petitioner argued that the claim was time-barred and the arbitrators lacked jurisdiction. The key issue was whether the claim was within the limitation period at the start of arbitration. The interpretation of Section 37 of the Arbitration Act was crucial. Section 37(1) states that Indian Limitation Act provisions apply to arbitrations. The court equated arbitration proceedings with court proceedings, requiring adherence to limitation rules. The respondent's submission to the Registrar initiated arbitration, regardless of the later constitution of the arbitral court, akin to a suit's filing before assignment to a bench. The court rejected the petitioner's argument that Section 37(3) mandated specific conditions for arbitration commencement within the limitation period. It clarified that Section 37(3) provided notional commencement scenarios, not exhaustive conditions. Parties following Chamber rules for initiating arbitration was deemed valid commencement. The court addressed a Bombay High Court decision suggesting Section 37(5) overrides general Limitation Act provisions. It disagreed, emphasizing Section 37(5) as a specific exclusion for arbitration-related periods, not a general override. The court cited a Madras High Court decision for supporting its interpretation of Section 37(3). Referring to a pre-Arbitration Act judicial decision, the court highlighted the implied contractual obligation for arbitrators to apply existing law, including limitation rules. This principle was upheld in subsequent English and Indian cases, leading to the incorporation of such principles in the Indian Arbitration Act. Ultimately, the court ruled that the respondent's claim was not time-barred at the arbitration's commencement, dismissing the application. The Chief Justice and another judge concurred with the judgment, ending the case without addressing the secondary issue raised. This detailed analysis showcases the court's thorough examination of the arbitration commencement and limitation issues, emphasizing the application of statutory provisions and past judicial interpretations to reach a definitive conclusion.
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