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Issues:
1. Entitlement to deduction for liability for gratuity under section 37 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. 2. Permissibility of adopting cash system of accounting for liability for gratuity. 3. Impact of different accounting systems on the deduction claim. Analysis: Issue 1: Entitlement to deduction for liability for gratuity under section 37 The case involved a public limited company seeking a deduction of Rs. 20,03,560 for its liability for gratuity in the assessment year 1975-76. The company did not make a provision in its accounts but claimed the amount based on actuarial calculations under section 37 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. However, the claim was disallowed by the Income-tax Officer and the Commissioner of Income-tax, leading to an appeal to the Tribunal. The Tribunal, after a divergence of opinion, disallowed the claim, which was upheld by a Third Member. The court referred to the Supreme Court's decision in a similar case, emphasizing that gratuity could not be deducted without complying with the requirements of section 40A(7) of the Act. The court held that the company was not entitled to claim the liability for gratuity as a deduction under section 37 due to non-compliance with statutory provisions. Issue 2: Permissibility of adopting cash system of accounting The court discussed the company's argument regarding the adoption of the cash system of accounting for gratuity liability. The company claimed that its liability was calculated on an actuarial basis, but the court referred to a Supreme Court decision stating that gratuity deductions must fulfill the conditions of section 40A(7) of the Act. The court highlighted that the right to receive gratuity accrues on retirement or termination of service, making it an accrued liability for the employer. The court clarified that contingent liability does not constitute expenditure and cannot be deducted even under the mercantile system of accounting. Therefore, the adoption of the cash system did not impact the disallowance of the deduction. Issue 3: Impact of different accounting systems on the deduction claim The court's analysis of the Supreme Court decision emphasized that the provisions of section 40A(7) must be satisfied for gratuity to be deductible. The court reiterated that the right to receive gratuity accrues on retirement or termination of service, making it an accrued liability. The court concluded that the company was not entitled to claim the liability for gratuity as a deduction under section 37, and other sections of the Act would not support such a claim. Consequently, questions regarding the accounting system adopted or the justification for the deduction did not survive in light of the Supreme Court's decision. The court ruled in favor of the Revenue, denying the deduction claim for the liability for gratuity.
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