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Issues:
1. Assessment of a sum as business income of the assessee. 2. Classification of a sum as dividend income under section 2(22)(d) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. 3. Entitlement to relief under section 80M of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Analysis: The case involved the assessment of a sum received by the assessee from selling shares to a nationalized bank. The assessee claimed the excess realization over the face value of shares as dividend income under section 2(22)(d) and sought relief under section 80M. The Income-tax Officer initially disallowed the claim, leading to an appeal to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner, who allowed the relief. The Revenue then appealed to the Tribunal, which upheld the Appellate Assistant Commissioner's decision, stating that deemed dividends under section 2(22)(d) were eligible for relief under section 80M. The Revenue contended that the computation of dividend income was incorrect, arguing that the distribution from the company should not be treated as dividend and that the purchase price of the shares should be deducted to arrive at the surplus deemed as dividend income. The Income-tax Officer highlighted discrepancies in the assessee's accounts, suggesting an attempt to gain double benefits. However, the High Court disagreed with the Revenue's contentions. The High Court clarified that the expenditure for acquiring shares cannot be considered for earning dividend income and should be treated as capital expenditure. It emphasized that dividend income falls under the head "Income from other sources," while gains or losses from share dealing are categorized as business gains or losses. The Court explained that shares held as stock-in-trade should be accounted for in the business account, and the purchase price is part of the circulating capital. Regarding the interpretation of section 2(22)(d), the Court ruled that the entire amount distributed to shareholders by a company with accumulated profits constitutes dividend income, without deductions for face value or purchase price of shares. It emphasized the conditions for tax deduction credit and directed the Tribunal to investigate compliance with relevant provisions. Ultimately, the High Court answered the three questions raised by confirming that the entire amount received by the assessee should be treated as dividend income, the purchase price of shares as business expenditure, and the assessee is entitled to relief under section 80M. The case was concluded without costs. The judgment provides a detailed analysis of the treatment of dividend income, business expenditure, and relief eligibility under the Income-tax Act, emphasizing the proper categorization of income and expenses in share dealing scenarios.
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