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Breach of section 212 of the Income-tax Act regarding advance tax payment and subsequent criminal proceedings. Analysis: The petitioners, managing directors of a company, were assessed to income tax for the assessment year 1981-82. They filed returns showing income of Rs. 9,34,061, paid advance tax of Rs. 4,92,000, and additional tax of Rs. 82,500. The Income-tax Officer assessed income at Rs. 10,19,530, demanding further tax. Despite an appeal to the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal resulting in revised income of Rs. 9,60,941, a complaint was filed under section 276C(2) alleging breach of section 212. The petitioners sought to quash the criminal proceedings based on the Tribunal's judgment reducing the assessed income. The key issue was whether the difference between the tax paid and the tax to be paid exceeded 20%. The court analyzed the provisions of section 212, emphasizing the requirement that the tax payable should exceed the advance tax paid by 20% to constitute a breach. The court considered the original assessment and the Tribunal's revised assessment to determine if the breach existed. The Tribunal's decision reducing the income to Rs. 9,60,941 meant the tax payable was Rs. 5,90,918, resulting in a shortfall of Rs. 98,980, which was less than 20% of the revised tax amount. The court applied the principle of merger, stating that the Tribunal's order supersedes the Income-tax Officer's assessment. Referring to the T. P. Kumaran case, the court held that the original assessment merges with the appellate order. As the revised income determined by the Tribunal did not exceed the 20% threshold, no breach of section 212 existed. Consequently, the court ruled that the criminal proceedings under section 276C(2) should be quashed as the cause for prosecution did not survive due to the lack of a breach. In conclusion, the court allowed the petition, quashing the criminal proceedings against the petitioners based on the Tribunal's revised assessment, which did not meet the criteria for a breach of section 212 of the Income-tax Act.
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