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Issues: Validity of sections 28(iiib) and 2(24)(vb) of the Income-tax Act with retrospective effect by the Finance Act of 1990
Analysis: The High Court of Delhi addressed the challenge to the validity of sections 28(iiib) and 2(24)(vb) of the Income-tax Act with retrospective effect by the Finance Act of 1990. The petitioner, an exporter, received cash compensatory support (CCS) as per the Government of India's policy. The dispute arose when the income tax authorities held the CCS taxable for the assessment year 1987-88, contrary to the petitioner's claim of non-taxability. The amendments introduced by the Finance Act, 1990, categorized CCS as taxable income under the head "Profits and gains of business or profession." The court noted the divergence of opinions among different benches of the Income-tax Tribunal regarding the taxability of CCS before the amendments. While the Full Bench of the Tribunal considered it a capital receipt, some High Courts deemed it taxable revenue income. The court examined the constitutional validity of the amendments in light of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution. It rejected the petitioner's argument that Parliament lacked legislative competence to treat CCS receipts as income. The court emphasized that the receipt was linked to the petitioner's business transactions and constituted income under the Income-tax Act. It highlighted the wide interpretation of entries in the Seventh Schedule and cited precedents supporting the legislative competence to tax such receipts. The court upheld the amendments as falling within the purview of Parliament's legislative powers. Regarding the retrospective effect of the provisions, the court dismissed the argument that the amendments levied tax for the first time. It considered the amendments clarificatory in nature, aiming to resolve judicial controversies surrounding the taxability of export incentives like CCS. The court referenced previous Supreme Court decisions upholding the power of retrospective legislation. It concluded that the impugned provisions were valid enactments by Parliament and not a fresh levy of tax. In response to the petitioner's contention about the law's position in Delhi for the assessment year 1987-88, the court acknowledged the ongoing petition under section 264 before the Commissioner of Income-tax. While declining to interfere at that stage, the court suggested adopting a sympathetic view due to the retrospective legislation. It expressed confidence in the Commissioner's ability to make a fair decision considering the circumstances. Ultimately, the court dismissed the writ petition, upholding the validity of the amendments and vacating the interim order.
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