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Issues Involved:
The judgment involves determining whether the income derived by the assessee-company should be assessed under the head "Business income" or "Income from property" for the assessment years 1969-70 and 1970-71. Assessment of Income under Different Heads: The assessee-company's main object was to acquire and possess lands, buildings, or real estate, as per its memorandum of association. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner found that the company was not conducting any business in real estate, and the income derived was rental income from the properties owned. The Tribunal upheld this view, stating that the company had purchased properties and possessed them as an owner, leading to the income being assessed under section 22 of the Income-tax Act. Legal Arguments Presented: The counsel for the assessee-company argued that the properties held were part of the commercial assets to carry out business activities, thus the income should be assessed under "Business income." They cited relevant case laws to support their stance. On the contrary, the Revenue's counsel referred to specific sections of the Act and the main object of the company to assert that the income should be taxed under "Income from property." They also relied on previous court decisions to strengthen their argument. Court's Analysis and Decision: The court highlighted that income under different heads in the Income-tax Act should be mutually exclusive. Considering the company's main object of acquiring and possessing properties, it was established that the properties were not held as part of business assets. As the company did not conduct any real estate business, the income from the properties was rightly assessed under "Income from property." The court referred to a Supreme Court case emphasizing the distinction between owning property for business purposes versus as a landowner. Based on the company's objectives and activities, the court concluded that the income should be taxed under the appropriate head. Consequently, the common question referred was answered in favor of the Revenue, and they were awarded costs for the references. This judgment clarifies the distinction between assessing income under different heads based on the nature of activities and objectives of the assessee-company, ensuring proper taxation in accordance with the Income-tax Act.
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