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Issues Involved:
The judgment involves the issue of wilful failure in the submission of income tax returns leading to prosecution under section 139(1) read with section 276CC of the Income-tax Act. The key question is whether the delay in filing the returns was wilful and whether there was mens rea present to warrant a conviction. Summary: The High Court of Andhra Pradesh heard three appeals challenging the acquittal of respondents 1 to 5 who were prosecuted by the Income-tax Department for wilful failure to submit returns on time. The court considered the term "wilful failure" and the requirement of mens rea for conviction, citing relevant case law including Addl. CIT v. Dargapandarinath Tuljayya and Co. and United States v. Harry Murdock. The court emphasized that wilfulness involves an element of evil motive and want of justification. The court referred to CIT v. Patram Dass Raja Ram Beri and Gujarat Travancore Agency v. CIT to highlight the importance of mens rea in establishing criminal liability under section 276CC. The judgment stressed that conviction under this section is warranted only in rare cases where wilfulness and mens rea are proven beyond reasonable doubt. The respondents in this case provided an explanation for the delay, attributing it to their clerk's illness and lack of expertise in preparing financial statements. Despite the court not fully accepting the explanation, it noted that the respondents had paid advance tax, penalty, and interest, indicating no intention to evade tax. The court concluded that the absence of mens rea and the respondents' compliance with tax obligations absolved them from criminal liability. Therefore, the appeals were dismissed, finding no merit in the prosecution under section 276CC of the Income-tax Act.
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