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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the loss on account of the ropeway machinery blown off in the storm was allowable under section 45 read with section 2(47) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Detailed Analysis: 1. Applicability of Section 45 and Section 2(47) of the Income-tax Act: The primary issue was whether the loss of the ropeway machinery due to a storm could be considered a short-term capital loss under section 45 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, and whether it constituted a "transfer" under section 2(47). Facts and Initial Proceedings: The assessee claimed a revenue loss of Rs. 2,07,900 under section 32(1A)(ii) for the assessment year 1970-71, asserting that the ropeway machinery was blown off in a storm and was irrecoverable. The Income-tax Officer (ITO) rejected this claim, stating that section 32(1A)(ii) was applicable from April 1, 1971, and thus not relevant for the year ending December 31, 1969. The ITO also noted the auditor's silence on the loss and the lack of supporting evidence, ultimately categorizing the loss as a capital loss and disallowing the amount. Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC) Proceedings: The assessee then argued that the loss should be allowable under section 32(1)(iii) as obsolescence allowance. When this was refuted due to non-use of the machinery in the relevant year, the assessee claimed it as a short-term capital loss under section 45, contending that the loss of machinery extinguished the company's rights in the asset. The AAC did not accept this claim, holding that the loss could not be allowed under section 32(1)(iii). Tribunal Proceedings: The Tribunal upheld the lower authorities' decision, stating that there was no extinguishment of the assessee's rights in the machinery lying in the valley. It emphasized that there was no consideration for the extinguishment of rights, and the ownership of the assets had not transferred to another party. The Tribunal concluded that the loss resulted from a natural calamity and did not constitute a transfer under section 2(47). Assessee's Arguments: The assessee contended that the Tribunal erred in requiring consideration for the extinguishment of rights. They argued that, commercially, there was a loss, and the question was whether it should be treated as a revenue or capital loss. The assessee also highlighted that the ITO had acknowledged the machinery's loss but deemed it uneconomical to recover, yet no evidence was provided to support this. Legal Precedents and Analysis: The judgment referenced several legal precedents: - CIT v. Harprasad and Co. P. Ltd. [1975] 99 ITR 118 (SC): The Supreme Court held that losses, like profits, must be computed in the same mode for taxable income. - CIT v. Vania Silk Mills (P.) Ltd. [1977] 107 ITR 300 (Guj): The Gujarat High Court ruled that the extinguishment of rights must result in consideration to qualify as a transfer under section 45. - CIT v. R. M. Amin [1971] 82 ITR 194 (Guj): The court held that a transfer involving extinguishment of rights must involve consideration. - Marybong and Kyel Tea Estates Ltd. v. CIT [1981] 129 ITR 661 (Cal): The court found that payment from an insurer for damaged assets constituted a transfer. - Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation Ltd. v. CIT [1983] 143 ITR 822 (Guj): The court reiterated that consideration is necessary for the extinguishment of rights to constitute a transfer. Conclusion: The court concluded that the ropeway machinery's loss did not constitute a transfer under section 2(47) as there was no consideration involved. The rights in the capital asset continued despite the machinery being blown off and lying in the valley. Thus, there was no transfer within the meaning of section 2(47), and the loss could not be treated as a short-term capital loss under section 45. Final Judgment: The court answered the question in the affirmative, favoring the Revenue and against the assessee, with no order as to costs.
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