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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the amount of Rs. 1,37,518 should be included in the assessee's income for the relevant previous year. Summary of Judgment: Issue 1: Inclusion of Rs. 1,37,518 in Assessee's Income The assessee, a firm of chartered accountants, underwent a change in constitution due to the retirement of some partners. According to the deed of retirement, specific outstanding fees were to be paid to the retiring partners after collection by the present assessee. The Income-tax Officer assessed these fees as the income of the present assessee on a "receipt basis" since the assessee's accounting system was cash-based. Upon appeal, the Appellate Assistant Commissioner of Income-tax held that the amount of Rs. 1,37,518 could not be the income of the present assessee as it was neither received nor receivable by them. This decision was upheld by the Tribunal, which noted that the assessee-firm was a distinct entity from the firm on whose behalf the amount was collected. Consequently, the amount could not be treated as the income of the assessee-firm for the relevant assessment year. The legal question referred to the court was whether the Tribunal was justified in excluding the amount from the assessee's income. The Commissioner argued that since the assessee-firm received the amount and distributed it to the erstwhile partners, it should be treated as the firm's income. The assessee contended that the amount was collected on behalf of the retiring partners and was not retained by the firm. The court considered the facts, including the deed of retirement, which stipulated that the fees collected for the retiring partners would not form part of the firm's receipts but would be held in trust until full payment to the retiring partners. The court concluded that the outstanding fees were held in trust for the retiring partners and did not constitute the income of the assessee-firm. The court emphasized that the nature of the obligation and the character of the receipt determine whether it is income. The court cited the Supreme Court's principles in CIT v. Sitaldas Tirathdas, which distinguish between income that never reaches the assessee and income applied to discharge an obligation after receipt. The court held that the present case involved an overriding obligation where the assessee-firm acted as a collector of income for the retiring partners. The outstanding dues collected did not belong to the firm but to the erstwhile partners. The court also referenced similar cases, including CIT v. A. Tosh and Sons (P.) Ltd. and V. N. V. Devarajulu Chetty and Co. v. CIT, which supported the principle of income diversion by overriding title. In conclusion, the court affirmed that the amount of Rs. 1,37,518 should not be included in the assessee's income for the relevant previous year, answering the question in the affirmative and in favor of the assessee. There was no order as to costs.
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