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Issues:
1. Deductibility of pension paid to a former managing director as a business expenditure. 2. Consideration of personal enrichment or extra-commercial considerations in pension payment. 3. Application of legal principles regarding the deductibility of pension payments under the Income-tax Act. Analysis: The judgment addresses the deductibility of a pension paid to a former managing director as a business expenditure under the Income-tax Act. The court emphasized that for such payments to be deductible, they must be made for sound commercial purposes and to facilitate the carrying on of the business. The absence of a legal obligation or a practice creating an expectation of payment is crucial in determining deductibility (Gordon Woodroffe Leather Manufacturing Company v. CIT [1962] 44 ITR 551 (SC), Sassoon J. David and Company P. Ltd. v. CIT [1979] 118 ITR 261 (SC), Seshasayee Bros. (Travancore) Private Ltd. v. CIT [1971] 82 ITR 442 (Ker)). The court examined the specific case where the former managing director, Mr. William Rae, was not eligible for pension under existing schemes and agreements. It was noted that there was no legal obligation or practice entitling Mr. Rae to pension benefits during his tenure. The court rejected the argument that the pension payment was made as a step to complete a pensionary benefits scheme, emphasizing the lack of evidence supporting commercial expediency or facilitation of business operations through the payment. Despite the Tribunal's view that the payment was a business expenditure devoid of personal enrichment or extra-commercial considerations, the court disagreed. It held that the absence of evidence showing a practice affecting the quantum of salary or an expectation of payment by Mr. Rae indicated that the pension payment was not deductible under section 37 of the Income-tax Act. Ultimately, the court ruled against the assessee, stating that the pension paid to Mr. William Rae was not an allowable deduction under section 37. Question No. 1 was answered in the negative, favoring the Revenue. The other questions were deemed unnecessary to address in light of the first question's resolution. The parties were directed to bear their respective costs, and a copy of the judgment was to be forwarded to the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal, Cochin Bench, for further action.
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