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Issues:
1. Interpretation of penalty provisions under the Income-tax Act for a registered firm. 2. Imposition of penalty based on tax payable by a registered firm. Analysis: The judgment addressed two questions concerning the imposition of penalties on a registered firm under the Income-tax Act. The first issue revolved around whether the Tribunal was correct in basing the penalty calculation on the net tax payable by the assessee as a registered firm rather than the tax assessed on it as an unregistered firm. The court referred to relevant High Court decisions and the Calcutta High Court's ruling in CIT v. Priya Gopal Bishoyee, which negated the argument supporting the Tribunal's decision. The court concluded that the penalty should be based on the tax payable by the registered firm, leading to a judgment in favor of the Revenue on this issue. The second issue involved determining whether a penalty was imposable on the assessee as the tax payable by the registered firm was assessed as 'nil.' The Tribunal had ruled in favor of the assessee, stating that no penalty was applicable in such a scenario. However, the court cited the decision in CIT v. K. N. Patel, where the High Court ruled in favor of the Revenue. The court also referred to an Explanation added to section 271 of the Income-tax Act in 1974 with retrospective effect, which further supported the imposition of penalties. Consequently, the court held that the penalty was indeed imposable on the defaulter assessee-firm, leading to a judgment in favor of the Revenue on this issue as well. In conclusion, the court answered both questions in the negative and in favor of the Revenue, affirming the imposition of penalties on the registered firm based on the tax payable and rejecting the Tribunal's reasoning. The parties were directed to bear their own costs of the reference, settling the matter in favor of the Revenue based on the interpretations of the relevant legal provisions and precedents.
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