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Issues:
Levy of penalty under section 271(1)(a) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 for delayed filing of return by a registered firm. Analysis: The case involved penalty proceedings initiated by the Income Tax Officer (ITO) against a firm of three partners for delayed filing of the return for the assessment year 1963-64. The ITO calculated the penalty under section 271(1)(a) of the Act, amounting to Rs. 15,335, based on the tax due from an unregistered firm, as per section 271(2) of the Act. The Assessee appealed the ITO's decision to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC), who dismissed the appeal. Subsequently, the Assessee appealed to the Tribunal, arguing that the actual tax demand was Rs. 5,657.44, which had been paid before the penalty was levied. The Tribunal referred to a previous decision by the Calcutta High Court and concluded that the penalty would be "nil." The questions referred to the High Court were whether the principle from a previous case regarding the calculation of penalty for a registered firm was applicable and whether the Tribunal's direction was proper and legal. The High Court referred to a Supreme Court decision in CIT v. Vegetable Products Ltd. [1973] 88 ITR 192, which clarified that the tax payable was not the same as tax assessed, and deductions for tax already paid should be considered. The High Court noted that subsequent to the Supreme Court decision, the Direct Taxes (Amendment) Act, 1974, introduced an Explanation to section 271(1)(i) regarding the definition of "assessed tax." It was highlighted that even for a registered firm, if a default occurred, the penalty would be calculated as if it were an unregistered firm. The High Court concluded that the penalty should be based on the tax payable as if the firm were unregistered, despite the tax already paid by the registered firm. Therefore, the questions were answered in the negative, favoring the revenue. The judgment was supported by both Judges, and each party was directed to bear their own costs.
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