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Issues:
1. Treatment of replacement expenditure of machinery as revenue or capital expenditure. 2. Classification of expenditure on software upgradation as revenue or capital expenditure. Analysis: 1. The first issue pertains to determining whether the replacement expenditure of machinery should be treated as revenue or capital expenditure. The court emphasized that the treatment in accounting records is not conclusive; instead, the provisions of the Income Tax Act should govern. The Commissioner and the Appellate Tribunal found the replacement of machinery to be revenue expenditure, aligning with the decision in CIT v. Janakiram Mills Ltd. The court concurred, stating that the expenditure on machinery replacement qualifies as revenue expenditure, following the precedent set by previous judgments. 2. Moving on to the second issue, the question was whether the expenditure on software upgradation should be considered revenue or capital expenditure. The court noted that the expenditure was aimed at enhancing the efficiency of existing systems without creating new machinery. Citing the decision in Alembic Chemical Works Co. Ltd. v. CIT, the court highlighted the concept of enduring benefit and emphasized that the upgradation of computers did not result in enduring changes. Referring to a previous case, the court ruled that the upgradation expenses should be treated as revenue expenditure. Consequently, the court answered the second question in favor of the assessee. In conclusion, the High Court of Madras dismissed the tax case appeal, upholding the decisions of the lower authorities in favor of the assessee. The court clarified the treatment of replacement machinery expenditure and software upgradation expenses as revenue expenditure based on the provisions of the Income Tax Act and relevant legal precedents.
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