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1. Penalty under section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Analysis: The case involved a partnership firm engaged in executing civil contracts, with certain partners also involved in another firm acting as principal contractors. The dispute arose regarding the penalty of Rs. 75,000 imposed under section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The firm failed to comply with the Income Tax Officer's (ITO) directions during assessment proceedings, leading to an ex parte assessment and subsequent cancellation upon application under section 146 of the Act. The revised return filed later revealed discrepancies in income declaration, prompting the ITO to initiate penalty proceedings. The Income-tax Appellate Tribunal upheld the penalty, leading to the reference of the question to the High Court. The Tribunal found that the firm had concealed income by omitting to declare profits corresponding to certain receipts in the original return. Despite arguments by the assessee's counsel regarding the timing of adjustment entries and receipt of certain sums, the Tribunal held that the firm had indeed concealed income or furnished inaccurate particulars thereof. The High Court emphasized that penalties are exigible in such cases where income concealment is established based on facts and circumstances, especially when the receipts and profits are determined from the firm's own books of account. The High Court clarified that the Tribunal's findings can only be interfered with if they are based on misinterpretation of statutory language, lack of evidence, or inconsistency with the evidence. The Court rejected the assessee's contentions regarding the quantum of penalty and the timing of receipt of certain sums, emphasizing that the firm's accounting method and the admission of receipts in the revised return were crucial factors in determining income concealment. The Court also highlighted that the revised return did not fall under section 139(5) of the Act, and the firm's explanations were inconsistent with its conduct and the accounting principles applied. Ultimately, the High Court upheld the Tribunal's decision to maintain the penalty of Rs. 75,000 under section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The Court concluded that the penalty was justified based on the firm's actions and the established concealment of income.
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