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Issues:
1. Whether the Appellate Tribunal was correct in exempting the profits on the sale of fertilizers under section 80P(2)(a)(iv) of the Income-tax Act for the assessment years 1974-75 and 1975-76. 2. Whether the benefit of exemption under section 80P(2) applies only to primary co-operative societies or can also be claimed by a federation of co-operative societies. 3. Whether the exemption under section 80P(2) is restricted to profits from the sale of fertilizers to agriculturists alone. Analysis: 1. The case involved the Tamil Nadu Co-operative Marketing Federation Ltd. claiming exemption of profits from the sale of fertilizers under section 80P(2)(a)(iv) of the Income-tax Act for the assessment years 1974-75 and 1975-76. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) rejected the claim, stating that the fertilizers were not sold to members engaged in agricultural operations. The Appellate Authority Commission (AAC) accepted the assessee's contention, leading to an appeal by the Revenue to the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal. The Tribunal ruled in favor of the assessee, stating that the sale of fertilizers to member-societies would be covered by section 80P, regardless of direct sales to agriculturists. The Tribunal also found that the process carried out by the assessee did not disqualify them from exemption. The Revenue sought a reference to the High Court, which was dismissed based on the Tribunal's findings. 2. The Revenue contended that section 80P benefits only primary co-operative societies, not federations. However, the High Court disagreed, stating that the provision does not limit the benefit to primary societies only. The Court noted that the language of section 80P does not distinguish between primary societies and federations, allowing all co-operative societies to claim deductions if conditions are met. The Court emphasized that the benefit under section 80P is available to all co-operative societies satisfying the conditions specified in the Act. 3. The Revenue argued that the term "members" in section 80P(2)(iv) refers only to agriculturists who are members of primary societies. The Court rejected this argument, stating that the provision contemplates the purchase of items intended for agriculture to supply to members, which the assessee had done. The Court held that the objective of section 80P is to aid agriculturists, and the language and spirit of the section cover the operation of purchase and sale of fertilizers by the assessee, even as a federation of primary co-operative societies. The Court agreed with the Tribunal's view that apex institutions should not be denied relief under section 80P, dismissing the Revenue's contentions. Overall, the High Court upheld the Tribunal's decision, emphasizing that the benefit of exemption under section 80P extends to all co-operative societies fulfilling the conditions, including federations, and is not limited to sales directly to agriculturists.
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