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Issues Involved:
1. Nature of the receipt (capital or revenue) for the value of shares issued to the non-resident assessee. 2. Existence of business operations in India by the assessee. Issue-Wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Nature of the Receipt: The primary issue was whether the value of 3,625 shares in Ralliwolf Ltd., issued to the non-resident assessee in consideration of supplying drawings and information, was of a capital nature or a revenue nature. The assessee, a non-resident company, Wolf Electric Tools (Holdings) Ltd., entered into agreements with Rallis India Ltd. and Ralliwolf Ltd. to supply technical know-how and other assets. The ITO initially treated the value of these shares as income, arguing that the shares were given in return for the obligation to provide drawings and confidential technical information, thus constituting a revenue receipt. The AAC, however, found that the sum received was in the nature of income but ruled that no part of it accrued or arose in India. The Tribunal, agreeing with the findings of Pennycuick J. in the case of the assessee before the High Court of Justice, Chancery Division, held that the transaction was of a wholly capital nature. Pennycuick J. had observed that the transaction altered the company's capital profit-making structure, converting its goodwill in India into a 45% interest in a new company, Ralliwolf. The Tribunal concluded that the transaction was a parting by the non-resident company with part of its property for a purchase price, the property being its connection or goodwill in India and its fund of confidential material. This view was supported by the legal principle that know-how, although not a fixed capital asset, can be treated as such depending on the transaction's context and the use to which it is put. The Tribunal's decision was upheld, and the value of the shares was treated as a capital receipt. 2. Existence of Business Operations in India: The second issue was whether the assessee had any business operations in India. The AAC had found that the assessee was not doing any business in India before the agreements and thus had not lost any of its assets. However, the Tribunal noted that the assessee had a significant export trade with India, constituting 10% of its total exports by volume in 1954-55. This indicated that the assessee had an established business connection in India, which it effectively transferred to Ralliwolf through the agreements. The Tribunal's analysis showed that the assessee's business operations in India were substantial and that the agreements represented a transfer of its business connection or goodwill in India. This transfer was part of a composite transaction that included the supply of know-how and other assets, thus supporting the conclusion that the receipt was of a capital nature. Conclusion: The High Court held that the value of 3,625 shares in Ralliwolf Ltd., issued to the non-resident assessee in consideration of supplying drawings and information, was of a capital nature and not of a revenue nature. The question was answered in favor of the assessee, and the Commissioner was ordered to pay the costs of the reference.
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