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Issues:
1. Tribunal's authority to cancel penalty under section 271(1)(a) based on Supreme Court observations. 2. Tribunal's consideration of reasonable cause for late filing of return in penalty imposition. 3. Tribunal's discretion in canceling penalty based on facts and circumstances. Analysis: The High Court of Madhya Pradesh addressed a reference under section 256(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, involving questions of law regarding penalty imposition. The case involved a registered firm that filed its return late for the assessment year 1964-65. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) and the Appellate Authority Commission (AAC) held the firm liable for penalty under section 271(1)(a) for late filing without reasonable cause. However, the Tribunal, while acknowledging the technical liability for penalty, exercised discretion not to impose it. The Tribunal considered factors such as partners' previous penalties, voluntary early filing of return, payment of advance tax, and the overall circumstances. The Tribunal cited the Supreme Court's stance that penalties should not be imposed merely because it is lawful to do so, emphasizing the discretionary nature of penalty imposition based on relevant circumstances. The Tribunal implicitly found no reasonable cause for the late filing of the return but exercised discretion in favor of the assessee, considering the partners' situation and the overall compliance efforts. The High Court noted that imposition of penalty under section 271(1)(a) is not mandatory in every case, and the Tribunal has discretion in this regard. The Court emphasized that the Tribunal lawfully exercised its discretion by canceling the penalty based on the facts and circumstances presented in the case. The Court rejected the argument that mens rea or deliberate defiance of law is necessary for penalty imposition under section 271(1)(a), citing relevant case law to support the Tribunal's discretionary decision. In response to the questions posed, the High Court concluded that the Tribunal acted within its lawful discretion in canceling the penalty, even though there was an implied finding of no reasonable cause for the late filing. The Court held that the Tribunal's decision was lawful and did not commit any illegality. The parties were directed to bear their own costs for the reference. This judgment reaffirms the discretionary nature of penalty imposition under the Income Tax Act, highlighting the importance of considering all relevant circumstances before penalizing an assessee for non-compliance.
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