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Issues:
Interpretation of Section 45 of the Wealth-tax Act, 1957 regarding exemption for companies established for industrial undertakings; Determination of the date of establishment of a company for tax exemption purposes; Definition of "assessment year" under Section 2(d) of the Wealth-tax Act, 1957; Application of wealth tax rates and liability for companies; Interpretation of "valuation date" and "previous year" under the Wealth-tax Act, 1957. Analysis: The judgment by the High Court of Kerala pertains to a reference made by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal regarding the application of Section 45 of the Wealth-tax Act, 1957. The controversy revolves around the exemption provided to companies established for industrial undertakings. The Tribunal held that the Wealth-tax Act does not apply to the assesses, a company, for the assessment years 1957/58, 1958-59, and 1959-60, based on Section 45(d) of the Act. The main issue is the determination of the company's establishment date for tax exemption purposes. The court deliberated on the definition of "established" in Section 45(d) and equated it with "formed and registered" under the Companies Act, 1956. It rejected the argument that establishment required the company to be capable of production, stating that registration suffices. The court emphasized that the exemption period is based on the registration date, not on achieving operational status. The interpretation of "assessment year" under Section 2(d) was also discussed, clarifying that it refers to the year for tax chargeability under the Act, not the year of actual tax payment. Regarding wealth tax rates and liability, the court examined the schedule specifying rates for companies and rejected the argument that the company's liability to pay tax began in the assessment year 1955-56. The court emphasized that tax is chargeable for every financial year from April 1, 1957, irrespective of actual payment liability. The judgment also addressed the definition of "valuation date" and "previous year" under the Act, emphasizing that for Section 45(d) application, only the registration date and the following financial year are relevant, not the business setup date. In conclusion, the court held that the tax exemption granted for the assessment years 1957-58, 1958-59, and 1959-60 was not rightly granted. The judgment was in favor of the department, emphasizing the importance of the registration date for determining exemption eligibility. The court directed the judgment copy to be forwarded to the Appellate Tribunal as per statutory requirements.
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