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Issues Involved:
1. Jurisdiction of the Court-Martial. 2. Requirement of the Governor-General's consent under Section 270 of the Government of India Act, 1935. 3. Conduct of the trial, including procedural fairness and sufficiency of evidence. Detailed Analysis: Jurisdiction of the Court-Martial: The appellant contested the jurisdiction of the Field General Court-Martial on several grounds: - The alleged offense occurred in Rawalpindi, but the Court-Martial was convened in Lahore. - The appellant argued that he should have been tried by a General Court-Martial consisting of five officers instead of a Field General Court-Martial with three officers. - The reasons given by the Convening Officer for convening a Field General Court-Martial were challenged as not bona fide. The High Court rejected these objections, affirming the jurisdiction of the Field General Court-Martial. The appellant's conviction and sentence were upheld as lawful. Requirement of the Governor-General's Consent: The appellant argued that under Section 270 of the Government of India Act, 1935, the previous sanction of the Governor-General was required before proceedings could be taken against him. The Special Bench of the High Court, however, ruled that Section 270 did not apply to Court-Martial proceedings under the Army Act. The Federal Court and subsequently the Board agreed with this interpretation, stating that the phrase "proceedings civil or criminal" in Section 270 referred to proceedings under the ordinary law of the land and not to military law proceedings. The Board further elaborated that applying Section 270 to Court-Martial proceedings would result in impractical outcomes, such as delays in military discipline and complications in executing orders for payment of costs. Conduct of the Trial: The appellant contended that his trial was conducted against the principles of natural justice and that there was no evidence to support his conviction. Specifically, he argued: - The trial's procedure denied him justice. - The prosecution did not prove where the money went, and it was unfairly placed on him to prove his innocence. The High Court reviewed the record of the Court-Martial and found the procedure consistent with natural justice principles. The Court also determined that there was sufficient evidence to support the appellant's conviction. The Special Bench's decision that the High Court could not inquire into the sufficiency of the evidence was binding and concurred with by the reviewing judge. Conclusion: The appellant's appeal was dismissed on all grounds. The Board concluded that: - The Field General Court-Martial had proper jurisdiction. - Section 270 of the Government of India Act, 1935, did not apply to Court-Martial proceedings. - The trial was conducted fairly, and there was sufficient evidence to support the conviction. The Board advised His Majesty that the appeal should be dismissed, affirming the legality of the appellant's detention and the validity of the Court-Martial's proceedings.
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