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Interpretation of section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 regarding the retrospective application of the amendment for penalty calculation in the assessment year 1965-66. Analysis: The High Court of Madhya Pradesh was tasked with determining the applicability of the amendment to section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, with respect to the assessment year 1965-66. The case involved a registered firm where discrepancies were found in the filed returns, leading to penalty proceedings initiated by the Income Tax Officer (ITO) and subsequently upheld by the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal (Tribunal). The Tribunal concluded that the amendment to section 271(1)(c) of the Act, effective from April 1, 1968, was not retrospective and applied the penalty calculation based on the law in force during the assessment year 1965-66. The court emphasized that the law in force at the time of the wrongful act, i.e., the concealment of income or particulars of income, determines the penalty. Referring to a previous judgment, the court reiterated that imposing a penalty based on the law applicable when the wrongful act occurred does not constitute retrospective application, even if the penalty relates to an earlier income assessment period. The counsel for the assessee argued that the wrongful act of concealment took place when the original return was filed in 1965, not when a subsequent return was submitted in 1969. The validity of the returns, especially considering the signature of a deceased individual on the initial return, was a point of contention between the parties. The Revenue contended that the penalty should be based on the 1969 return, as it was the only valid one, whereas the assessee's counsel argued for the validity of the 1965 return. The court noted that the Tribunal did not address the crucial issue of when the wrongful act occurred, necessitating a factual determination by the Tribunal. The decision on the timing of the wrongful act is pivotal in deciding the appropriate law for penalty imposition. Therefore, the court directed the Tribunal to ascertain when the concealment of income took place after affording both parties an opportunity to present their arguments. In conclusion, the court answered the reference question in the negative, indicating that further examination by the Tribunal is required to determine the timing of the wrongful act for the appropriate application of penalty provisions. Each party was ordered to bear their own costs for the reference proceedings.
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