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Issues:
Interpretation of Wealth Tax Act provisions regarding imposition of penalties and the requirement of prior approval of Inspecting Assistant Commissioner before imposing a penalty. Analysis: The case involved a reference under section 27(1) of the Wealth Tax Act, 1957, regarding the cancellation of eight penalties for wealth tax assessment years 1957-58 to 1964-65. The primary question was whether the Tribunal was correct in canceling the penalties based on the provisions of section 18(1)(a) before its amendment by the Wealth-tax (Amendment) Act, 1964, instead of the amended provisions by the Finance Act, 1969. The penalties were imposed by the Wealth Tax Officer without obtaining prior approval of the Inspecting Assistant Commissioner, as required by the law in force at the time of the alleged defaults. The Tribunal upheld the contention that the penalties were invalid due to the lack of prior approval. Before delving into the legal arguments, the court examined the provisions of section 18 of the Act. It was noted that the requirement of prior approval of the Inspecting Assistant Commissioner was deleted by the amending Act of 1964, which came into force from April 1, 1965. The critical issue was whether the penalties imposed in 1971 were affected by the change in the law in 1965. The court emphasized that the law applicable to a penalty is determined by the date of the wrongful act, as established in precedent cases. It was clarified that the procedural aspects, such as the requirement of prior approval, are subject to the law in force at the time of the penalty imposition. The court further analyzed the distinction between substantive law and procedural law, citing relevant legal precedents. It was concluded that the provision for obtaining prior approval of the Inspecting Assistant Commissioner was procedural and not a vested right for the assessee. The court disagreed with the Tribunal's interpretation that the old provision continued to govern the procedure post-repeal. Relying on the Andhra Pradesh High Court decision, it was held that there was no vested right for the assessee to have the case considered by the IAC before the penalty imposition. Consequently, the court held that the penalties imposed without prior approval were valid under the law in force at the time of imposition. In conclusion, the court answered the reference question in the negative, ruling against the assessee. The parties were directed to bear their own costs in the reference proceedings.
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