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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the surplus of lb104,782 1s. 4d. represents profits earned or derived from Victoria and is subject to income tax. 2. Whether the difference of lb509 1s. between the prices of debenture stock and par is taxable as profit. Issue-Wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Surplus of lb104,782 1s. 4d. as Profits: The Commissioner of Taxes assessed the respondent company for income tax on the sum of lb113,998, which included a surplus of lb104,782 1s. 4d. The Supreme Court of Victoria, by a majority, held that this surplus was profits earned or derived from Victoria and thus subject to income tax under Section 9 of Act No. 1819. The High Court of Australia reversed this decision, declaring that the sum was not taxable. Their Lordships of the Privy Council reviewed the case, noting the divided judicial opinion and the complex background involving the liquidation and reorganization of three Australian banks into new asset companies. The respondent company argued it was a realization company, not a trading company, and the surplus was for the benefit of the original creditors. However, their Lordships concluded that the company was indeed a trading company and the surplus realized from selling assets at enhanced prices constituted taxable profit. They emphasized that the company's activities were not merely realizations but part of a business operation aimed at profit-making. 2. Difference of lb509 1s. as Profits: The second issue concerned whether the difference of lb509 1s. between the prices of debenture stock and par was taxable as profit. The Supreme Court of Victoria had ruled this difference as taxable, similar to the surplus issue. The High Court of Australia disagreed, stating it was not taxable. The Privy Council considered the company's practice of buying back and canceling its debenture stock, concluding that such activities were part of its trading operations. Therefore, the difference was also deemed taxable as profit. Conclusion and Final Judgment: Their Lordships advised that the appeal be allowed, setting aside the judgments of both the High Court of Australia and the Supreme Court of Victoria. They remitted the case to the Supreme Court with specific declarations: 1. The respondent company's surplus from the sale of assets over the purchase price, after deductions, is taxable as profit. 2. The bonus of 6d. per share and the distribution of debenture stock to shareholders are taxable as profit if derived from Victoria. 3. The case does not provide sufficient facts to determine other questions about the amount of profits or the years they are assessable. 4. The Commissioners may apply to the Supreme Court for necessary inquiries and accounts. 5. Neither party is entitled to costs. The appeal was allowed with no costs awarded to either party before the Board.
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