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Assessment of undisclosed income as business income or income from other sources for the assessment year 1960-61 under the Indian Income Tax Act, 1922 and the Income Tax Act, 1961. Detailed Analysis: The case involved an individual assessee whose assessment for the year 1960-61 was reopened due to alleged undisclosed income from hundi loans. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) treated the sum of Rs. 31,194 as income from business, which was later confirmed by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC). However, the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal held that the amount should be considered income from other sources rather than business income. The Tribunal also noted that the assessment year for such undisclosed income should be 1959-60, not 1960-61, under the provisions of the 1922 Act. The Tribunal's decision was based on the interpretation of Section 68 of the 1961 Act, which creates a new liability for assessment for a specific year without retrospective operation. The Commissioner challenged the Tribunal's decision by raising a question before the High Court of Karnataka. The High Court referred to the Supreme Court's ruling in Govinddas v. ITO [1976] 103 ITR 123, which clarified that the provisions of the new Act apply only to the machinery of assessment for escaped income, without altering substantive rights or liabilities. The Court emphasized that the law applicable to determine the liability for undisclosed income should be that of the old Act, i.e., the 1922 Act in this case. The High Court agreed with the Tribunal's interpretation, stating that Section 68 of the 1961 Act could not be used to include income from undisclosed sources in the assessment for 1960-61, as the liability for such income arose under the 1922 Act. Therefore, the Court answered the question in favor of the assessee, affirming the Tribunal's decision to treat the sum as income from other sources and not business income for the assessment year 1960-61.
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