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Profit from speculative transactions - Definition and treatment under section 43(5) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The judgment by the High Court of Bombay involved a case where an assessee-firm engaged in speculation business in shares, bullion, and commodities. The relevant assessment year was 1964-65, and the firm had entered into forward contracts for shares of a specific company. The dispute arose when the assessee made a profit from a transaction involving actual delivery of shares and sought to set off this profit against losses incurred in speculation business. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) initially held that the profit could not be treated as arising from a speculative transaction due to the actual delivery of shares. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC) and subsequently the Tribunal upheld this decision, leading to an appeal before the High Court. The primary issue before the court was whether the profit of Rs. 38,060 from the transaction should be considered a profit from speculative transactions under section 43(5) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The assessee contended that a portion of the profit should be treated as speculative since it was related to an earlier loan transaction involving shares. However, the court noted that the profit arose from the sale of 330 shares, and it was too late to request a further statement of the case. The court highlighted the provisions of section 73(1) of the Act, which restrict the set-off of losses from speculation business against profits from the same business unless specific conditions are met. The court analyzed the definition of speculative transactions under section 43(5) of the Act, which involves transactions settled without actual delivery of commodities or shares. Referring to a previous Supreme Court decision, the court emphasized that if actual delivery of shares takes place, a transaction that may otherwise be speculative would not fall under the definition of speculative transaction. In light of this interpretation, the court concluded that the profit earned by the assessee, involving actual delivery of shares, could not be categorized as a speculative transaction under section 43(5) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Ultimately, the court ruled against the assessee, stating that the profit in question did not qualify as a profit from speculative transactions and could not be set off against losses from speculation business. The court directed the assessee to pay the costs of the reference, thereby concluding the judgment delivered by the High Court of Bombay.
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