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Interpretation of the term "book" under section 80QQ of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Analysis: The case involved a firm, Messrs. Sri Satyanarayana Publishing House, claiming a deduction of 20% of income under section 80QQ of the Act for the assessment year 1971-72. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) disallowed the deduction, stating that the books published were not eligible. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC) disagreed with the ITO, leading the revenue to appeal to the Tribunal. The Tribunal ruled against the assessee, classifying the books as not having enduring value. The matter was then referred to the High Court to determine if the assessee was entitled to the deduction under section 80QQ. The key question was whether the guide books published by the assessee qualified as "books" under section 80QQ. The Act did not define the term "book," so the court had to interpret it in the context of the section. The Tribunal had categorized the books as "other publications of a similar nature," but the court emphasized that books held a distinct position in the section. The court referred to dictionary definitions of "book" and previous case law to establish that the term encompassed various literary compositions and manuscripts. The court highlighted that the guide books were printed, sold at bookstalls, and purchased by students, meeting the basic criteria of being considered books. It was emphasized that the enduring value of the books was not the determining factor; rather, the focus was on whether they fell within the definition of books. The court rejected the notion that the purpose of the provision was to promote the replacement of imported books and clarified that the utility period of the books was irrelevant to their classification. Relying on precedents and common understanding of the term "book," the court concluded that the guide books published by the assessee qualified as books under section 80QQ, entitling the assessee to the deduction. The court answered the question in the affirmative, ruling in favor of the assessee and awarding costs.
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