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Issues:
Assessment under section 144 of the Income-tax Act, 1961; Revised assessment under section 143(3) read with section 146; Order under section 23A(1) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922; Appeal to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner; Inclusion of certain loans in the total income; Determination of commercial profits; Appeal by revenue against Appellate Assistant Commissioner's order; Tribunal's decision on commercial profits and distributable surplus; Interpretation of section 23A(1) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. Analysis: The High Court of Calcutta addressed a case concerning the assessment year 1961-62, where the initial assessment was completed under section 144 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, at Rs. 70,000. Subsequently, a revised assessment under section 143(3) read with section 146 was made at Rs. 27,391, including Rs. 20,500 representing loans the assessee failed to prove. An order under section 23A(1) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922, was passed based on the initial assessment figures. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner, in the appeal, considered the total income as assessed under section 143(3) and excluded the Rs. 20,500 from commercial profits for section 23A applicability. The revenue contended that the Rs. 20,500 should be included, resulting in a revised income of Rs. 18,616 with a distributable surplus of Rs. 10,239. The Tribunal disagreed, holding that only Rs. 411 should be added back for commercial profits, totaling Rs. 4,769, leading to a conclusion that no dividend needed to be declared. The core issue revolved around whether the Rs. 11,725 added back as undisclosed income should be considered in determining commercial profits under section 23A(1) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. The Income-tax Officer had added back Rs. 20,500 as the assessee failed to prove the genuineness of certain loans. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner accepted the addition of Rs. 11,725, considering the circumstances and the peak credits. The Court emphasized the importance of real commercial or accounting profits and penal provisions of section 23A. It was highlighted that the failure to prove loan genuineness does not automatically make the amounts available for dividend distribution. The Court referred to precedents emphasizing the need for evidence to justify inclusion for dividend calculation. Ultimately, the Court agreed with the Tribunal's exclusion of the Rs. 11,725, concluding that section 23A(1) was not applicable in the case. In conclusion, the High Court of Calcutta upheld the Tribunal's decision, ruling in favor of the assessee. The Court emphasized the need for concrete evidence to include amounts in commercial profits for dividend distribution under section 23A(1) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. The judgment highlighted the distinction between disclosed profits and available profits for dividends, ultimately supporting the exclusion of the added undisclosed income from the commercial profits calculation.
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