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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the land in question is agricultural land within the meaning of section 2(14)(iii) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. 2. Whether the capital gains arising from the sale of the land are exempt from assessment to income-tax under the said Act. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Whether the land in question is agricultural land within the meaning of section 2(14)(iii) of the Income-tax Act, 1961: The primary issue is whether the land sold by the assessee qualifies as agricultural land under section 2(14)(iii) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, and is therefore exempt from capital gains tax. The court examined several key factors and precedents to address this issue. Relevant Facts and Precedents: - The land in question was jointly purchased by the assessee and another individual and was later sold to a cooperative housing society. - The Income-tax Officer initially rejected the claim that the land was agricultural, leading to a series of appeals. - The Appellate Assistant Commissioner initially ruled in favor of the assessee, but the Tribunal later reversed this decision, prompting the reference to the High Court. - The court examined previous rulings, including Rasiklal Chimanlal Nagri v. Commissioner of Wealth-tax [1965] 56 ITR 608 (Guj), Himatlal Govindji v. Commissioner of Wealth-tax [1977] 106 ITR 658 (Guj), and the Supreme Court decision in Commissioner of Wealth-tax v. Officer-in-Charge (Court of Wards) [1976] 105 ITR 133 (SC). Tests and Principles: - The court reiterated the principles from previous cases, emphasizing the need to consider whether the land is being put to agricultural use. - If the land is actively used for agricultural purposes, it is presumed to be agricultural land unless other factors dislodge this presumption. - The court noted that the land was treated as agricultural land for wealth-tax purposes in previous years and that there were standing crops at the time of sale. - The court also considered the revenue records, which showed the land as agricultural and the permission under section 63 of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, granted on the basis that the land was agricultural. Conclusion on Agricultural Land: - The court found that the Tribunal had not correctly applied the law, as it did not consider the presumption arising from the actual use of the land and the entries in the revenue records. - The Tribunal's approach was deemed erroneous, as it failed to consider whether the presumption of agricultural use was rebutted by other factors. - The court declined to answer the question directly and instead remanded the case back to the Tribunal to reconsider the issue in light of the correct legal principles. 2. Whether the capital gains arising from the sale of the land are exempt from assessment to income-tax under the said Act: This issue is contingent on the determination of the first issue. If the land is deemed agricultural, the capital gains from its sale would be exempt from income-tax under section 2(14)(iii). Relevant Sections and Legal Provisions: - Section 4 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, which is the charging section. - Section 2(24) which includes capital gains as part of income. - Section 45, which provides that profits from the transfer of a capital asset are chargeable to income-tax. - Section 2(14) defines "capital asset" and specifically excludes agricultural land under clause (iii). Conclusion on Capital Gains: - Since the primary issue of whether the land is agricultural was not conclusively determined due to the Tribunal's erroneous approach, the question of capital gains exemption remains unresolved. - The Tribunal is directed to reconsider the matter, applying the correct legal principles to determine if the land qualifies as agricultural land, which will subsequently decide the taxability of the capital gains. Final Judgment: The High Court declined to answer the referred question directly and remanded the case back to the Tribunal. The Tribunal is instructed to reassess the issue of whether the land is agricultural land, considering the correct legal principles and the presumption arising from the actual use and revenue records. The Tribunal must then determine the applicability of capital gains tax based on this reassessment. There is no order as to costs for this reference.
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