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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the donation to P. G. Mehta Charitable Trust qualifies for a deduction under section 80G of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Issue-Wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Deduction Under Section 80G: The primary issue in the case was whether the donation made by the assessee, Messrs. Swastik Textile Trading Co. Pvt. Ltd., to P. G. Mehta Charitable Trust qualifies for a deduction under section 80G of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The relevant donations were Rs. 60,000, Rs. 30,000, and Rs. 49,752 for the assessment years 1968-69, 1969-70, and 1970-71, respectively. The Income-tax Officer and the Appellate Assistant Commissioner initially rejected the deduction claim, arguing that clause 4(g) of the trust deed, which involves establishing and maintaining gaushalas, panjarapoles, and similar institutions for animals, was a religious object. Consequently, they contended that this violated section 80G(5)(ii) since the funds could be used for non-charitable purposes. However, the Tribunal reversed this view by citing the binding decision in Vallabhdas Karsondas [1947] 15 ITR 32 (Bom), and referred the question of law to the court. 2. Interpretation of Trust Objects: The court examined the objects of the P. G. Mehta Charitable Trust, particularly clause 4(g), which centered on the establishment and maintenance of gaushalas and panjarapoles. The court noted that these institutions are intended for the preservation and improvement of bovine animals and the protection of infirm animals, respectively. This context aligns with other charitable objects mentioned in the trust deed, such as education, medical relief, and alleviating human distress. 3. Charitable vs. Religious Purposes: The court emphasized that the argument of a necessary antithesis between religion and charity was unfounded. The definition of "charitable purposes" under section 2(15) includes relief of the poor, education, medical relief, and the advancement of any other object of general public utility, provided it does not involve profit-making activities. The court referred to various precedents, including Vallabhdas Karsondas and Pradhan v. Bombay State Federation of Gaushalas and Panjarapoles, which recognized the charitable nature of trusts aimed at the welfare of animals. These decisions established that such trusts promote public morality and compassion, which are considered charitable purposes in India. 4. Legal Precedents and Statutory Interpretation: The court discussed the broader interpretation of "charitable purposes" in Indian law, which is not strictly bound by English legal principles. The Privy Council in All India Spinners' Association v. Commissioner of Income-tax [1944] 12 ITR 482 (PC) and the Supreme Court in Sole Trustee, Loka Shikshana Trust v. Commissioner of Income-tax [1975] 101 ITR 234 (SC) supported a wide interpretation of charitable purposes, emphasizing altruistic and public welfare objectives. 5. Conclusion: The court concluded that clause 4(g) of the trust deed, which involves the establishment and maintenance of gaushalas and panjarapoles, serves a charitable purpose. This aligns with the statutory definition under section 2(15) and does not violate section 80G(5)(ii). Consequently, the assessee was entitled to the deduction under section 80G for the donations made to P. G. Mehta Charitable Trust. The references were disposed of in favor of the assessee, with the revenue directed to pay the costs of the assessee in all three references.
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